Android能否在子线程中更新UI呢？

如题，Android能否在子线程中更新UI呢？这是一道面试题。那么这道题应该怎么去回答呢？在此我给出个人答案：“Android是不允许在子线程中更新UI的，但是在某种特殊情况下子线程是可以更新UI的”。为什么这么说呢？下面我们来看一个例子：
MainActivity

package example.lc.com.uicheckdemo;

import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private TextView text;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        text= (TextView) findViewById(R.id.text);
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                text.setText("在子线程中更新的UI");
            }
        }).start();

    }
}

activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:id="@+id/activity_main"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    tools:context="example.lc.com.uicheckdemo.MainActivity">

    <TextView
        android:layout_centerInParent="true"
        android:id="@+id/text"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Hello World!" />
</RelativeLayout>

例子很简单就是一个Activity和一个布局，在onCreate中写了一个Thread并且在子线程中更新了UI，但是程序不会报错，不信大家可以去试一下。但是，将代码做如下修改：
MainActivity

package example.lc.com.uicheckdemo;

import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.TextView;

import org.w3c.dom.Text;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private TextView text;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        text= (TextView) findViewById(R.id.text);
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(200);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                text.setText("在子线程中更新的UI");
            }
        }).start();

    }
}

再次运行程序就会崩溃，logcat报错如下：

01-07 18:21:11.207 1476-2957/example.lc.com.uicheckdemo E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: Thread-96                                                                          Process: example.lc.com.uicheckdemo, PID: 1476                                                                          android.view.ViewRootImpl$CalledFromWrongThreadException: Only the original thread that created a view hierarchy can touch its views.                                                                              at android.view.ViewRootImpl.checkThread(ViewRootImpl.java:6118)                                                                              at android.view.ViewRootImpl.requestLayout(ViewRootImpl.java:848)                                                                              at android.view.View.requestLayout(View.java:16431)                                                                              at android.view.View.requestLayout(View.java:16431)                                                                              at android.view.View.requestLayout(View.java:16431)                                                                              at android.view.View.requestLayout(View.java:16431)                                                                              at android.view.View.requestLayout(View.java:16431)                                                                              at android.view.View.requestLayout(View.java:16431)                                                                              at android.widget.RelativeLayout.requestLayout(RelativeLayout.java:352)                                                                              at android.view.View.requestLayout(View.java:16431)                                                                            at android.widget.TextView.checkForRelayout(TextView.java:6600)                                                                             at android.widget.TextView.setText(TextView.java:3813)                                                                             at android.widget.TextView.setText(TextView.java:3671)                                                                            at android.widget.TextView.setText(TextView.java:3646)                                                                            at example.lc.com.uicheckdemo.MainActivity$1$override.run(MainActivity.java:25)                                                                              at example.lc.com.uicheckdemo.MainActivity$1$override.access$dispatch(MainActivity.java)                                                                              at example.lc.com.uicheckdemo.MainActivity$1.run(MainActivity.java:0)                                                                              at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:841)

那么这到底是为什么呢？这里我们提出问题，本文下面所有的内容都是要去解答这个问题的，接下来就正式开始我们今天的探索。

**

从错误信息入手寻找问题的根源

**
从logcat显示的信息中我们发现了很有用的几行：

android.view.ViewRootImpl$CalledFromWrongThreadException: Only the original thread that created a view hierarchy can touch its views.                                                                              at android.view.ViewRootImpl.checkThread(ViewRootImpl.java:6118)                                                                              at android.view.ViewRootImpl.requestLayout(ViewRootImpl.java:848)

这几行信息直接告诉了我们错误是从ViewRootImpl的checkThread方法中报出来的，那么我们就去证实一下，打开checkThread方法：

    void checkThread() {
        if (mThread != Thread.currentThread()) {
            throw new CalledFromWrongThreadException(
                    "Only the original thread that created a view hierarchy can touch its views.");
        }
    }

是的错误就是这个方法报出的，mThread指的是UI线程而Thread.currentThread()则是当前线程。由此，我们知道了Android中更新UI的时候检查线程的操作是在ViewRootImpl中进行的。到这里我们还是没有办法去解答我们提出的问题，我们接着分析。

ViewRootImpl是何时创建的？

想要知道ViewRootImpl是在哪里创建的，我们要先要找到handleResumeActivity()方法，这个方法在ActivityThread中，代码如下：

 final void handleResumeActivity(IBinder token,
            boolean clearHide, boolean isForward, boolean reallyResume) {

            //代码省略
            if (r.window == null && !a.mFinished && willBeVisible) {
                r.window = r.activity.getWindow();
                View decor = r.window.getDecorView();
                decor.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
                ViewManager wm = a.getWindowManager();
                WindowManager.LayoutParams l = r.window.getAttributes();
                a.mDecor = decor;
                l.type = WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_BASE_APPLICATION;
                l.softInputMode |= forwardBit;
                if (a.mVisibleFromClient) {
                    a.mWindowAdded = true;
                    wm.addView(decor, l);
                }
           //代码省略
    }

在上面代码中，有两个需要我们注意的地方。第一个就是 View decor = r.window.getDecorView();，这个decor 就是我们熟知的DecorView，但是这不是我们今天研究的重点。第二个是 ViewManager wm = a.getWindowManager();，这个才是今天真正的重点。ViewManager是一个接口其定义了addView、updateViewLayout、removeView三个方法，a.getWindowManager是一个WindowManager，WindowManager也是一个接口并且继承了ViewManager，也就是说wm 是一个WindowManager。WindowManager是一个借口它的实现类是WindowManagerImpl， 也就是说wm.addView(decor, l);这句话调用的是WindowManagerImpl中的addView方法，我们看下WindowManagerImpl代码：

package android.view;

import android.annotation.NonNull;
import android.os.IBinder;

public final class WindowManagerImpl implements WindowManager {
    private final WindowManagerGlobal mGlobal = WindowManagerGlobal.getInstance();
    private final Display mDisplay;
    private final Window mParentWindow;

    private IBinder mDefaultToken;

    public WindowManagerImpl(Display display) {
        this(display, null);
    }
 //代码省略
    @Override
    public void addView(@NonNull View view, @NonNull ViewGroup.LayoutParams params) {
        applyDefaultToken(params);
        mGlobal.addView(view, params, mDisplay, mParentWindow);
    }
 //代码省略
}

看到在WindowManagerImpl 的addView方法中，又调用了WindowManagerGlobal的addView方法，接着打开WindowManagerGlobal类，代码如下：

package android.view;
 //代码省略
public final class WindowManagerGlobal {
    private static final String TAG = "WindowManager";

 //代码省略

    private Runnable mSystemPropertyUpdater;

    private WindowManagerGlobal() {
    }

    public static void initialize() {
        getWindowManagerService();
    }

    public static WindowManagerGlobal getInstance() {
        synchronized (WindowManagerGlobal.class) {
            if (sDefaultWindowManager == null) {
                sDefaultWindowManager = new WindowManagerGlobal();
            }
            return sDefaultWindowManager;
        }
    }


 //代码省略

    public void addView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params,
            Display display, Window parentWindow) {
        if (view == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("view must not be null");
        }
        if (display == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("display must not be null");
        }
        if (!(params instanceof WindowManager.LayoutParams)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Params must be WindowManager.LayoutParams");
        }

        final WindowManager.LayoutParams wparams = (WindowManager.LayoutParams) params;
        if (parentWindow != null) {
            parentWindow.adjustLayoutParamsForSubWindow(wparams);
        } else {
            // If there's no parent, then hardware acceleration for this view is
            // set from the application's hardware acceleration setting.
            final Context context = view.getContext();
            if (context != null
                    && (context.getApplicationInfo().flags
                            & ApplicationInfo.FLAG_HARDWARE_ACCELERATED) != 0) {
                wparams.flags |= WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_HARDWARE_ACCELERATED;
            }
        }

        ViewRootImpl root;
        View panelParentView = null;

        synchronized (mLock) {
            // Start watching for system property changes.
            if (mSystemPropertyUpdater == null) {
                mSystemPropertyUpdater = new Runnable() {
                    @Override public void run() {
                        synchronized (mLock) {
                            for (int i = mRoots.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
                                mRoots.get(i).loadSystemProperties();
                            }
                        }
                    }
                };
                SystemProperties.addChangeCallback(mSystemPropertyUpdater);
            }

            int index = findViewLocked(view, false);
            if (index >= 0) {
                if (mDyingViews.contains(view)) {
                    // Don't wait for MSG_DIE to make it's way through root's queue.
                    mRoots.get(index).doDie();
                } else {
                    throw new IllegalStateException("View " + view
                            + " has already been added to the window manager.");
                }
                // The previous removeView() had not completed executing. Now it has.
            }

            // If this is a panel window, then find the window it is being
            // attached to for future reference.
            if (wparams.type >= WindowManager.LayoutParams.FIRST_SUB_WINDOW &&
                    wparams.type <= WindowManager.LayoutParams.LAST_SUB_WINDOW) {
                final int count = mViews.size();
                for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                    if (mRoots.get(i).mWindow.asBinder() == wparams.token) {
                        panelParentView = mViews.get(i);
                    }
                }
            }

            root = new ViewRootImpl(view.getContext(), display);

            view.setLayoutParams(wparams);

            mViews.add(view);
            mRoots.add(root);
            mParams.add(wparams);
        }

        // do this last because it fires off messages to start doing things
        try {
            root.setView(view, wparams, panelParentView);
        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
            // BadTokenException or InvalidDisplayException, clean up.
            synchronized (mLock) {
                final int index = findViewLocked(view, false);
                if (index >= 0) {
                    removeViewLocked(index, true);
                }
            }
            throw e;
        }
    }

    //代码省略


}

以上是WindowManagerGlobal类，只给出了addView方法其他代码省略了。我们仔细的来看下addView方法，再把无用的代码省去，结果如下：

    public void addView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params,
            Display display, Window parentWindow) {
        //代码省略
        ViewRootImpl root;
        //代码省略

            int index = findViewLocked(view, false);
            root = new ViewRootImpl(view.getContext(), display);

            view.setLayoutParams(wparams);

            mViews.add(view);
            mRoots.add(root);
            mParams.add(wparams);
       //代码省略
    }

好了代码省去的比较多，不过我们终于找到了我们想要的代码了。
root = new ViewRootImpl(view.getContext(), display);
到这ViewRootImpl就创建完了！也就是说ViewRootImpl是在WindowManagerGlobal中的addView方法中创建的！

那么现在我们来尝试回答一下我们提出的问题。合理的说法是让线程睡眠200ms以后再次醒来此时onResume方法已经被调用ViewRootImpl已经创建完成，此时可以检查线程了。