ipython出现的问题：Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement ipython (from versions: none）

 出现错误：

ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement ipython (from versions: none)
ERROR: No matching distribution found for ipython
WARNING: You are using pip version 21.2.3; however, version 21.2.4 is available.

WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/ipython/
Could not fetch URL https://pypi.douban.com/simple/ipython/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.douban.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/ipython/ (Caused by SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")) - skipping
ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement ipython (from versions: none)
ERROR: No matching distribution found for ipython
WARNING: You are using pip version 21.2.3; however, version 21.2.4 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the '/usr/local/python3.9/bin/python3.9 -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.

 提示升级版本到21.2.4 ，修改配置文件。

 [root@localhost .pip]# vim pip.conf
#配置pip.conf文件
  1 [global]
  2 index-url=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple
  3 extra-index-url=
  4         https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/
  5         https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/
  6         https://pypi.douban.com/simple/
  7 [install]
  8 trusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com
#这里使用了https://www.cnblogs.com/night-xing/p/12094099.html的配置，主要解决：While reading from '/Users/***/.pip/pip.conf' [line 4]: option 'extra-index-url' in section 'global' already exists的问题。            

 出现错误

WARNING: pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.
Could not fetch URL https://pypi.org/simple/pip/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/pip/ (Caused by SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")) - skipping

进入Python3.9  提示无法找到SSL模块。

[root@localhost tar]# python3.9
Python 3.9.7 (default, Sep  9 2021, 21:07:26) 
[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-23)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import ssl
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/usr/local/python3.9/lib/python3.9/ssl.py", line 98, in <module>
    import _ssl             # if we can't import it, let the error propagate
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ssl'

 修改python源码包解压后的那个目录下的Modules/Setup，又又报错误：

Setup文件需要修改的地方

# Socket module helper for socket(2)
_socket socketmodule.c timemodule.c
#去掉这个5个地方的注释 
# Socket module helper for SSL support; you must comment out the other
# socket line above, and possibly edit the SSL variable:
SSL=/usr/local/ssl
_ssl _ssl.c \
        -DUSE_SSL -I$(SSL)/include -I$(SSL)/include/openssl \
        -L$(SSL)/lib -lssl -lcrypto
 

 执行编译安装后提示错误：

./Modules/_ssl.c: 在函数‘set_verify_flags’中:
./Modules/_ssl.c:3614: 警告：赋值时将整数赋给指针，未作类型转换
./Modules/_ssl.c: 在函数‘set_host_flags’中:
./Modules/_ssl.c:3810: 警告：赋值时将整数赋给指针，未作类型转换
./Modules/_ssl.c: 在函数‘_add_ca_certs’中:
./Modules/_ssl.c:4112: 警告：传递‘BIO_new_mem_buf’的第 1 个实参时丢弃了指针目标类型的限定
/usr/include/openssl/bio.h:668: 附注：需要类型‘void *’，但实参的类型为‘const void *’
make: *** [Modules/_ssl.o] 错误 1

找到原因，o(╥﹏╥)o 

[root@localhost Python-3.9.7]# openssl version
OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013
# 原来是这个版本太老了，去球升级版本吧。

 下载openssl version 最新版本升级，具体步骤参考以下博主的：python3 安装ssl编译问题_luckydoit的博客-CSDN博客

[root@localhost .pip]# openssl version
OpenSSL 3.0.0 7 sep 2021 (Library: OpenSSL 3.0.0 7 sep 2021)

更新成功后同时修改SSL=/usr/local/ssl路径后，发现还是报错：

ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement ipython3 (from versions: none)
ERROR: No matching distribution found for ipython3
WARNING: You are using pip version 21.2.3; however, version 21.2.4 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the '/usr/local/bin/python3.9 -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.

不在提示ssl证书错误，最后尝试使用命令“pip install 包名-i http://pypi.douban.com/simple/ --trusted-host pypi.douban.com”   终于安装成功 ipython