Java设计模式(11) —— 原型

Prototype

 

Intent
Specify the kinds of objects to create using a prototypical instance, and create new objects by copying this prototype.

How to
Prototype Manager
register prototypes
Prototype
declares an interface for cloning itself.
ConcretePrototype
implements an operation for cloning itself.

Known cases
Game Components

Authorization System

UML

 

 

示例：

系统一般有普通用户和高级用户，他们分别有不同的权限。如果权限设置放在文件中，每次新建用户时，都要读文件，这会造成系统的负担。因为大多数用户只有名字等其他信息不同而已，权限基本是相同的，可以运用上述模式。

 

代码：

public class UserManager { private static UserManager unique = null; static { String[] commonAuth = null; //从配置文件或其他地方得到 String[] advanceAuth = null; User common = new User(commonAuth); User advance = new User(advanceAuth); unique = new UserManager(common, advance); } public static UserManager getInstance() { return unique; } private User common; private User advance; private UserManager(User common, User advance) { this.common = common; this.advance = advance; } public User getCommonUser() { return common.clone(); } public User getAdvanceUser() { return advance.clone(); } }

public class User implements Cloneable { private List<String> authList; private String name; public User(String[] auths) { authList = new ArrayList<String>(); for (int i = 0; i < auths.length; i++) { authList.add(auths[i]); } } public User clone() { User user = new User(this.getAuths()); return user; } public void addAuth(String auth) { authList.add(auth); } public String[] getAuths() { String[] auths = new String[authList.size()]; for (int i = 0; i < authList.size(); i++) { auths[i] = authList.get(i); } return auths; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getName() { return name; } }

注意：一般PrototypeManager是单例