本文节选自《设计模式就该这样学》
1 基于Java API实现通知机制
当小伙伴们在社区提问时,如果有设置指定用户回答,则对应的用户就会收到邮件通知,这就是观察者模式的一种应用场景。有些小伙伴可能会想到MQ、异步队列等,其实JDK本身就提供这样的API。我们用代码来还原这样一个应用场景,首先创建GPer类。
/**
* JDK提供的一种观察者的实现方式,被观察者
*/
public class GPer extends Observable{
private String name = "GPer生态圈";
private static GPer gper = null;
private GPer(){}
public static GPer getInstance(){
if(null == gper){
gper = new GPer();
}
return gper;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void publishQuestion(Question question){
System.out.println(question.getUserName() + "在" + this.name + "上提交了一个问题。");
setChanged();
notifyObservers(question);
}
}
然后创建问题Question类。
public class Question {
private String userName;
private String content;
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
public String getContent() {
return content;
}
public void setContent(String content) {
this.content = content;
}
}
接着创建老师Teacher类。
public class Teacher implements Observer {
private String name;
public Teacher(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void update(Observable o, Object arg) {
GPer gper = (GPer)o;
Question question = (Question)arg;
System.out.println("======================");
System.out.println(name + "老师,你好!\n" +
"您收到了一个来自" + gper.getName() + "的提问,希望您解答。问题内容如下:\n" +
question.getContent() + "\n" + "提问者:" + question.getUserName());
}
}
最后编写客户端测试代码。
public static void main(String[] args) {
GPer gper = GPer.getInstance();
Teacher tom = new Teacher("Tom");
Teacher jerry = new Teacher("Jerry");
gper.addObserver(tom);
gper.addObserver(jerry);
//用户行为
Question question = new Question();
question.setUserName("张三");
question.setContent("观察者模式适用于哪些场景?");