Oracle Text 使 Oracle9i 具备了强大的文本检索能力和智能化的文本管理能力,Oracle Text 是 Oracle9i 采用的新名称,在 oracle8/8i 中被称为 oracle intermedia text,oracle8 以前是 oracle context cartridge。Oracle Text 的索引和查找功能并不局限于存储在数据库中的数据。 它可以对存储于文件系统中的文档进行检索和查找,并可检索超过 150 种文档类型,包括 Microsoft Word、PDF 和 XML。Oracle Text 查找功能包括模糊查找、词干查找(搜索 mice 和查找 mouse)、通配符、相近性等查找方式,以及结果分级和关键词突出显示等。你甚至 可以增加一个词典,以查找搭配词,并找出包含该搭配词的文档。
Oracle text 需要为可检索的数据项建立索引,用户才能够通过搜索查找内容,索引进 程是根据管道建模的,在这个管道中,数据经过一系列的转换后,将其关键字会添加到索引 中。该索引进程分为多个阶段,如下图
1.数据检索(Datastore):只是将数据从数据存储(例如 web 页面、数据库大型对象或本 地文件系统)中取出,然后作为数据流传送到下一个阶段。
2. 过滤(Filter):过滤器负责将各种文件格式的数据转换为纯文本格式,索引管道中的其 他组件只能处理纯文本数据,不能识别 Ms word 或 excel 等文件格式。
3. 分段(Sectioner):分段器添加关于原始数据项结构的元数据。
4. 词法分析(Lexer):根据数据项的语言将字符流分为几个字词。
5. 索引(Index):最后一个阶段将关键字添加到实际索引中。
测试环境:
Linux AS release 4 (Nahant Update 3), oracle10g(10.2.0.2.0)
内容简介:
本文档主要以实验为主,文档中包含了大量的实验例子,部分测试用例来自 document, 部分来自网友的测试,所有的例子都在 oracle10g 中测试通过。
(1).
配置 oracle text
9i 之前,Oracle Text 不是默认安装的,必须手工安装。检查数据库中是否有 ctxsys 用户 和 ctxapp 脚色,如果没有这个用户和角色,这意味着你在创建数据库时没有安装 oracle text 功能,需要先配置上该功能。
9i 安装 text
--创建表空间
SQL>create tablespace drsys datafile '/opt/oracle10g/oradata/10gtest/drsys01.dbf' size
100m;
SQL> connect / as sysdba
--创建ctxsys 用户
SQL> @?/ctx/admin/dr0csys password default_tablespace_name temporary_tablespace_name SQL> connect ctxsys/password
--创建数据字典
SQL> @?/ctx/admin/dr0inst @?/ctx/lib/libctxx9.so SQL> @?/ctx/admin/defaults/drdefus.sql ;
Oracl0g 安装 text:
SQL> connect / assysdba
SQL> @?/ctx/admin/catctx.sqlctxsys TBS_DRSYS temp unlock Conn ctxsys/ctxsys
SQL> @?/ctx/admin/defaults/drdefel.sql
(2).
创建测试用户 oratext
Alter user ctxsys identified by ctxsys account unlock(10g 默认安装,帐号被锁定);
Create tablespace oratext datafile '/opt/oracle10g/oradata/10gtest/oratext01.dbf' size2000m ;
Create user oratext identified by oratect default tablespaceoratext temporary tablespace
temp;
Alter database tempfile '/opt/oracle10g/oradata/10gtest/temp01.dbf' resize 2000m;
SQL>Create user oratext identified by oratext default tablespace oratext temporary tablespace temp;
Grant resource, connect, ctxapp to oratext;
Grant execute on ctxsys.ctx_cls to oratext;
Grant execute on ctxsys.ctx_ddl to oratext;
Grant execute on ctxsys.ctx_doc to oratext;
Grant execute on ctxsys.ctx_output to oratext;
Grant execute on ctxsys.ctx_query to oratext;
Grant execute on ctxsys.ctx_report to oratext;
Grant execute on ctxsys.ctx_thes to oratext;
Grant execute on ctxsys.ctx_ulexer to oratext;
查看系统默认的 oracle text 参数
Select pre_name, pre_object from ctx_preferences
(3).
Oracle Text 索引原理
Oracle text 索引将文本中所有的字符转化成记号(token),如 www.taobao.com 会转化 成 www,taobao,com 这样的记号。
Oracle10g 里面支持四种类型的索引,context,ctxcat,ctxrule,ctxxpath
CONTEXT : 用于对含有大量连续文本数据进行检索。支持 word、html、xml、text 等很多数据格式。支持范围(range)分区,支持并行创建索引(Parallel indexing)的索引类型。支持类型:VARCHAR2, CLOB, BLOB, CHAR, BFILE, XMLType, and URIType.DML 操作后,需要 CTX_DDL.SYNC_INDEX 手工同步索引
如果有查询包含多个词语,直接用空格隔开(如 oracle itpub).
查询操作符:contains
CTXCAT :适用于混合查询语句(如查询条件包括产品 id,价格,描述等)。适合于查询较小的具有一定结构的文本段。
具有事务性。DML 操作后,索引会自动进行同步。操作符:CATSEARCH and,or,>,<, =,between,in
查询操作符:CATSEARCH
CTXRULE: Use CTXRULE index tobuild a document classification or routing application. The CTXRULE index is an index createdon a table of queries, where thequeries define the classification or routing criteria.
查询操作符: MATCHES
CTXXPATH :Createthis index when you need to speed up existsNode() queries
on an XMLType column.
1.
Context 索引
Oracle text 索引把全部的 word 转化成记号,context 索引的架构是反向索引(inverted index),每个记号都映射着包含它自己的文本位置,如单词 dog 可能会有如下的条目
Dog Doc1 Doc3 Doc5
这表示 dog 在文档 doc1,doc3,doc5中都出现过。索引建好之后,系统中会自动产生 如下DR$MYINDEX$I,DR$MYINDEX$K,DR$MYINDEX$R,DR$MYINDEX$X,MYTABLE5 个表(假设表为 mytable, 索 引 为 myindx) 。 Dml 操 作 后 , context 索 引 不 会 自 动 同 步 , 需 要 利 用 ctx_ddl.sync_index 手工同步索引。
例子:
Create table docs (id number primary key, text varchar2(200));
Insert into docs values(1, '<html>california is a state in the us.</html>');
Insert into docs values(2, '<html>paris is a city in france.</html>');
Insert into docs values(3, '<html>france is in europe.</html>');
Commit;
/
--建立 context 索引
Create index idx_docs on docs(text)
indextype is ctxsys.context parameters
('filter ctxsys.null_filter section group ctxsys.html_section_group');
--查询
Column text format a40;
Select id, text from docs where contains(text, 'france') > 0;
id text
3 <html>france is in europe.</html>
2 <html>paris is a city in france.</html>
--继续插入数据
Insert into docs values(4, '<html>los angeles is a city in california.</html>');
Insert into docs values(5, '<html>mexico city is big.</html>');
commit;
Select id, text from docs where contains(text, 'city') > 0;--新插入的数据没有查询到
id text
2 <html>paris is a city in france.</html>
--索引同步
begin
ctx_ddl.sync_index('idx_docs', '2m');
end;
--查询
Column text format a50;
Select id, text from docs where contains(text, 'city') > 0; --查到数据
id text
5 <html>mexico city is big.</html>
4 <html>los angeles is a city in california.</html>
2 <html>paris is a city in france.</html>
-- or 操作符
Select id, text from docs where contains(text, 'city or state ') > 0; --and 操作符
Select id, text from docs where contains(text, 'city and state ') > 0;
或是
Select id, text from docs where contains(text, 'city state ') > 0;
--score 表示得分,分值越高,表示查到的数据越精确
SELECT SCORE(1), id, text FROM docs WHERE CONTAINS(text, 'oracle', 1) > 0;
Context 类型的索引不会自动同步,这需要在进行 Dml 后,需要手工同步索引。与 context 索引相对 于的查询操作符为 contains
语法:
Contains(
[schema.]column,
text_query varchar2
[,label number])
Return number;
indextype isctxsys.context: 表示所定义的索引类型为 context
2.
Ctxcat 索引
用在多列混合查询中
Ctxcat 可以利用 index set 建立一个索引集,把一些经常与 ctxcat 查询组合使用的查询列添加
到索引集中。比如你在查询一个商品名时,还需要查询生产日期,价格,描述等,你可可以
将这些列添加到索引集中。oracle 将这些查询封装到 catsearch 操作中,从而提高全文索引
的效率。在一些实时性要求较高的交易上,context 的索引不能自动同步显然是个问题,ctxcat
则会自动同步索引(原文:This example creates acatalog index for an auction site that sells
electronic equipmentsuch as cameras and CD players. New inventory is added everyday and item
descriptions, bid dates, and prices must be stored together.The applicationrequires good response
time for mixed queries. The key is todetermine what columns users frequently search so that we
can create a suitable CTXCAT index. Queries on thistype of index are issued with the CATSEARCH
operator.)
例子:
Create table auction(Item_id number,Title varchar2(100),Category_id number,Price number,Bid_close date);
Insert into auction values(1, 'nikon camera', 1, 400, '24-oct-2002');
Insert into auction values(2, 'olympus camera', 1, 300, '25-oct-2002');
Insert into auction values(3, 'pentax camera', 1, 200, '26-oct-2002');
Insert into auction values(4, 'canon camera', 1, 250, '27-oct-2002');
Commit;
/
--确定你的查询条件(很重要)
Determine that all queries search the title column for item descriptions --建立索引集
begin
ctx_ddl.create_index_set('auction_iset');
ctx_ddl.add_index('auction_iset','price'); /* sub-index a*/
end;
--建立索引
Create index auction_titlex on auction(title) indextype is ctxsys.ctxcat parameters ('index set auction_iset');
Column title format a40;
Select title, price from auction where catsearch(title, 'camera', 'order by price')> 0;
Title price
Pentax camera 200
Canon camera 250
Olympus camera 300
Nikon camera 400
Insert into auction values(5, 'aigo camera', 1, 10, '27-oct-2002');
Insert into auction values(6, 'len camera', 1, 23, '27-oct-2002');
commit;
/
--测试索引是否自动同步
Select title, price from auction where catsearch(title, 'camera',
'price <= 100')>0;
Title price
aigo camera 10
len camera 23
添加多个子查询到索引集:
begin
ctx_ddl.drop_index_set('auction_iset');
ctx_ddl.create_index_set('auction_iset');
ctx_ddl.add_index('auction_iset','price'); /* sub-index A */
ctx_ddl.add_index('auction_iset','price, bid_close'); /* sub-index B */
end;
drop index auction_titlex;
Create index auction_titlex on auction(title) indextype is ctxsys.ctxcat parameters ('index set auction_iset');
SELECT * FROM auction WHERE CATSEARCH(title, 'camera','price = 200order by bid_close')>
0;
SELECT * FROM auction WHERE CATSEARCH(title, 'camera','order by price, bid_close')> 0;
任何的 Dml 操作后,Ctxcat 的索引会自动进行同步,不需要手工去执行,与 ctxcat 索引相对 应的查询操作符是 catsearch.
语法:
Catsearch(
[schema.]column,
Text_query varchar2,
Structured_queryvarchar2,
Return number;
例子:
catsearch(text, 'dog','foo > 15')
catsearch(text, 'dog','bar = ''SMITH''')
catsearch(text, 'dog', 'foo between 1 and 15')
catsearch(text, 'dog','foo = 1 and abc = 123')
3.
Ctxrule 索引
The function of a classification applicationis to perform some action based on document content. These actions can include assigning a category id to a document orsending the document to a user. Theresult is classification of a document.
例子:
Create table queries (query_id number,query_string varchar2(80)); insert into queries values (1, 'oracle');
insert into queries values (2, 'larry or ellison');
insert into queries values (3, 'oracle and text');
insert into queries values (4, 'market share');
commit;
--建立索引
Create index queryx on queries(query_string) indextype is ctxsys.ctxrule;
Column query_string format a35;
Select query_id,query_string from queries
where matches(query_string,
'oracle announced that its market share in databasesincreased over the last year.')>0;
query_id query_string
1 oracle
4 market share
4.
Ctxxpath 索引
Create this index when you need to speed up existsNode()queries on an XMLType column
以上是 oracle text 索引的几种类型,通常用的比较多的是 context 和 ctxcat 索引。 语法参考:
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/text.102/b14218/csql.htm#i997226
接下来,我们来重新看一下索引的内部处理流程,先从 Datasotre 开始
类别 描述
Datastore 从哪儿得到数据
Filter 数据如何转化成文本
Lexer 正在索引什么语言
Wordlist 如何展开词根和模糊查询
Storage 索引怎么存储
Stop List 哪些词和主题不被索引
Section Group 允许分区查询吗,如何定义文档区段
(4).
Datastore 属性
数据检索负责将数据从数据存储(例如 web 页面、数据库大型对象或本地文件系统) 中取出,然后作为数据流传送到下一个阶段。Datastore 包含的类型有 Direct datastore, Multi_column_datastore, Detail_datastore, File_datastore,Url_datastore, User_datastore,
Nested_datastore。
DatastoreType Use When
DIRECT_DATASTORE 检索表(数据存储在单列中)
MULTI_COLUMN_DATASTORE 检索表(数据存储在多列中)
DETAIL_DATASTORE Data is stored internally in the text column. Documentconsists of one
or more rows stored in a text column in a detailtable, with header
information stored in a master table.
FILE_DATASTORE 检索本地操作系统上的文档
NESTED_DATASTORE 检索嵌套表
URL_DATASTORE 检索 Internet 地址
USER_DATASTORE Documents are synthesized at index time by auser-defined stored procedure.
1.
Direct datastore
支持存储数据库中的数据,单列查询.没有 attributes 属性
支持类型:char, varchar, varchar2,blob, clob, bfile,or xmltype. 例子:
Create table mytable(id number primary key, docs clob);
Insert into mytable values(111555,'this text will be indexed');
Insert into mytable values(111556,'this is a direct_datastore example');
Commit;
--建立 direct datastore
Create index myindex on mytable(docs)
indextype is ctxsys.context
parameters ('datastore ctxsys.default_datastore');
Select * from mytable where contains(docs, 'text') > 0;
2.
Multi_column_datastore
适用于索引数据分布在多个列中
the column list is limited to 500 bytes
支持 number 和 date 类型,在索引之前会先转化成 textt
raw and blob columns are directly concatenated as binarydata.
不支持 long, long raw,nchar, and nclob, nested table
例子:
Create table mytable1(id number primary key, doc1 varchar2(400),doc2 varchar2(400),doc3 varchar2(400));
Insert into mytable1 values(1,'this text will be indexed','following example creates amulti-column ','denotes that the bar column ');
Insert into mytable1 values(2,'this is a direct_datastore example','use this datastore when
your text is stored in more than one column','the system concatenates the text columns'); Commit;
/
--建立 multi datastore
Begin
Ctx_ddl.create_preference('my_multi', 'multi_column_datastore');
Ctx_ddl.set_attribute('my_multi', 'columns', 'doc1, doc2, doc3');
End;
--建立索引
Create index idx_mytable on mytable1(doc1)indextype is ctxsys.context
parameters('datastore my_multi')
Select * from mytable1 where contains(doc1,'direct datastore')>0; Select * from mytable1 where contains(doc1,'example creates')>0;--只更新从表,看是否能查到更新的信息
Update mytable1 set doc2='adladlhadad this datastore when your text isstored test' where
id=2;
Begin
Ctx_ddl.sync_index('idx_mytable');
End;
Select * from mytable1 where contains(doc1,'adladlhadad')>0; --没有记录
Update mytable1 set doc1='this is a direct_datastore example' where id=2; --更新主表
Begin
Ctx_ddl.sync_index('idx_mytable');--同步索引
End;
Select * from mytable1 where contains(doc1,'adladlhadad')>0; -查到从表的更新
对于多列的全文索引可以建立在任意一列上,但是,在查询时指定的列必须与索引时指定的 列保持一致,只有索引指定的列发生修改,oracle 才会认为被索引数据发生了变化,仅修改 其他列而没有修改索引列,即使同步索引也不会将修改同步到索引中.
3.
Detail_datastore
适用于主从表查询(原文:use the detail_datastoretype for text stored directly in the database in detail tables, with theindexed text column located in the master table)
因为真正被索引的是从表上的列,选择主表的那个列作为索引并不重要,但是选定之后,查 询条件中就必须指明这个列
主表中的被索引列的内容并没有包含在索引中
DETAIL_DATASTORE属性定义
Attribute Attribute Value
binary Specify TRUE for Oracle Text to add no newlinecharacter after each detail row
SpecifyFALSE for Oracle Text to add a newline character (\n) after each detail rowautomatically.
detail_table 从表
detail_key 从表外键
detail_lineno Specify the name of the detail tablesequence column.
detail_text 从表索引列
例子:
create table my_master -建立主表
(article_id number primary key,author varchar2(30),title varchar2(50),body varchar2(1)); create table my_detail -建立从表
(article_id number, seq number, text varchar2(4000),
constraint fr_id foreign key (ARTICLE_ID) references my_master (ARTICLE_ID)); --模拟数据
insert into my_master values(1,'Tom','expert on and on',1);
insert into my_master values(2,'Tom','Expert Oracle Database Architecture',2); commit;
insert into my_detail values(1,1,'Oracle will find the undo information for thistransactioneither in the cached
undo segment blocks (most likely) or on disk ');
insert into my_detail values(1,2,'if they have been flushed (more likely for very largetransactions).');
insert into my_detail values(1,3,'LGWR is writing to a different device, then there is no contention for redo logs');
insert into my_detail values(2,1,'Many other databases treat the log files as');
insert into my_detail values(2,2,'For those systems, the act of rolling back can bedisastrous');
commit;
--建立 detail datastore
begin
ctx_ddl.create_preference('my_detail_pref', 'DETAIL_DATASTORE');
ctx_ddl.set_attribute('my_detail_pref', 'binary', 'true');
ctx_ddl.set_attribute('my_detail_pref', 'detail_table', 'my_detail');
ctx_ddl.set_attribute('my_detail_pref', 'detail_key', 'article_id');
ctx_ddl.set_attribute('my_detail_pref', 'detail_lineno', 'seq');
ctx_ddl.set_attribute('my_detail_pref', 'detail_text', 'text');
end;
--创建索引
CREATE INDEX myindex123 on my_master(body) indextype is ctxsys.context parameters('datastore my_detail_pref');
select * from my_master where contains(body,'databases')>0
--只更新从表信息,看是否还能查到
update my_detail set text='undo is generated as a result of the DELETE,blocks are modified,and redo is sent over to
the redo log buffer' where article_id=2 and seq=1
begin
ctx_ddl.sync_index('myindex123','2m'); --同步索引
end;
select * from my_master where contains(body,'result of the DELETE')>0 -没有查到刚才的更新--跟新从表后,更新主表信息
update my_master set body=3 where body=2
begin
ctx_ddl.sync_index('myindex123','2m');
end;
select * from my_master where contains(body,'result of the DELETE')>0 -查到数据
如果更新了子表中的索引列,必须要去更新主表索引列来使 oracle 认识到被索引数据发生变 化(这个可以通过触发器来实现)。
4.
File_datastore
适用于检索本地服务器上的文件(原文:The FILE_DATASTORE type is used for textstored in files accessed through the local file system.)
多个路径标识:Unix 下冒号分隔开如 path1:path2:pathn Windows 下用分号;分隔开
create table mytable1(id number primary key, docs varchar2(2000)); insert into mytable1 values(111555,'1.txt');
insert into mytable1 values(111556,'2.log'); commit;
--建立 file datastore
begin
ctx_ddl.create_preference('COMMON_DIR','FILE_DATASTORE');
ctx_ddl.set_attribute('COMMON_DIR','PATH','/opt/tmp');
end;
--建立索引
create index myindex on mytable1(docs) indextype is ctxsys.context parameters ('datastoreCOMMON_DIR');
select * from mytable1 where contains(docs,'oracle')>0; --查询
Oracle 只支持在 file_datastore 中设置的路径中进行搜索,不支持指定路径的子目录(如 /opt/tmp/log),如果文件发生了变化,只能是通过修改索引列的方式来通知 oracle,被索引 数据已经发生了变化。
5.
Url_datastore
适用于检索 internet 上的信息,数据库中只需要存储相应的 url 就可以
Attribute Attribute Value
timeout Specify the timeout in seconds. The valid rangeis 15 to 3600 seconds. The default is 30.
maxthreads Specify the maximum number of threads that can berunning simultaneously. Use a number between 1and 1024. The default is 8.
urlsize Specify the maximum length of URL string in bytes. Use a number between 32and 65535. The default is 256.
maxurls Specify maximum size of URL buffer. Use a number between 32 and 65535. Thedefaults is 256.
maxdocsize Specify the maximum document size. Use a number between256 and 2,147,483,647 bytes (2 gigabytes). Thedefaults is 2,000,000.
http_proxy Specify the host name of http proxy server.Optionally specify port number with a colon in the formhostname:port.
ftp_proxy Specify the host name of ftp proxy server.Optionally specify port number with a colon in the formhostname:port.
no_proxy Specify the domain for no proxy server. Use a comma separated string of upto 16 domain names.
例子:
create table urls(id number primary key, docs varchar2(2000));
insert into urls values(111555,'http://context.us.oracle.com');
insert into urls values(111556,'http://www.sun.com');
insert into urls values(111557,'http://www.itpub.net');
insert into urls values(111558,'http://www.ixdba.com');
commit;
/
--建立url datastore
begin
ctx_ddl.create_preference('URL_PREF','URL_DATASTORE');
ctx_ddl.set_attribute('URL_PREF','Timeout','300');
end;
--建立索引
create index datastores_text on urls (docs) indextype is ctxsys.context parameters
( 'Datastore URL_PREF' );
select * from urls where contains(docs,'Aix')>0
若相关的 url 不存在,oracle 并不会报错,只是查询的时候找不到数据而已。
oracle 中仅仅保存被索引文档的 url 地址,如果文档本身发生了变化,必须要通过修改索引 列(url 地址列)的方式来告知 oracle,被索引数据已经发生了变化。
6.
User_datastore
Use the USER_DATASTORE type to define stored procedures that synthesizedocuments during
indexing. For example, auser procedure might synthesize author, date, and text columns into one
document to have theauthor and date information be part of the indexed text.
7.
Nested_datastore
全文索引支持将数据存储在嵌套表中
8.
参考脚本
--建立 direct_store
Create index myindex on mytable(docs)
indextype is ctxsys.context
parameters ('datastore ctxsys.default_datastore');
--建立 mutil_column_datastore
Begin
Ctx_ddl.create_preference('my_multi', 'multi_column_datastore');
Ctx_ddl.set_attribute('my_multi', 'columns', 'doc1, doc2, doc3');
End;
Create index idx_mytable on mytable1(doc1)indextype is ctxsys.context
parameters('datastore my_multi')
--建立 file_datafilestore
begin
ctx_ddl.create_preference('COMMON_DIR','FILE_DATASTORE');
ctx_ddl.set_attribute('COMMON_DIR','PATH','/opt/tmp');
end;
create index myindex on mytable1(docs) indextype is ctxsys.context parameters ('datastoreCOMMON_DIR');
--建立 url_datastore
begin
ctx_ddl.create_preference('URL_PREF','URL_DATASTORE');
ctx_ddl.set_attribute('URL_PREF','Timeout','300');
end;
create index datastores_text on urls (docs) indextype is ctxsys.context parameters
( 'Datastore URL_PREF' );
(5).
Filter 属性
过滤器负责将各种文件格式的数据转换为纯文本格式,索引管道中的其他组件只能处理 纯文本数据,不能识别 microsoft word 或 excel 等文件格式 ,filter 有 charset_filter、 inso_filter、null_filter、user_filter、procedure_filter 几种类型。
Filter When Used
CHARSET_FILTER Character set converting filter
AUTO_FILTER Auto filter for filtering formatted documents
NULL_FILTER No filtering required. Use for indexing plain text,HTML, or XML documents
MAIL_FILTER Use the MAIL_FILTER to transform RFC-822, RFC-2045messages in to indexable
text.
USER_FILTER User-defined external filter to be used for customfiltering
PROCEDURE_FILTER User-defined stored procedure filterto be used for custom filtering.
1.
CHARSET_FILTER
把文档从非数据库字符转化成数据库字符(原文:Use the CHARSET_FILTER to convert documents from a non-database character set to thecharacter set used by the database)
例子:
create table hdocs ( id number primary key, fmt varchar2(10), cset varchar2(20),
text varchar2(80)
);
begin
cxt_ddl.create.preference('cs_filter', 'CHARSET_FILTER');
ctx_ddl.set_attribute('cs_filter', 'charset', 'UTF8');
end
insert into hdocs values(1, 'text', 'WE8ISO8859P1', '/docs/iso.txt');
insert into hdocs values (2, 'text', 'UTF8', '/docs/utf8.txt');
commit;
create index hdocsx on hdocs(text) indextype is ctxsys.context
parameters ('datastore ctxsys.file_datastore
filter cs_filter
format column fmt
charset column cset');
2.
NULL_FILTER
默认属性,不进行任何过滤
oracle 不建议对 html、xml 和plain text 使用 auto_filter 参数,oracle建议你使用 null_filter和 section group type
--建立 null filter
create index myindex on docs(htmlfile) indextype is ctxsys.context
parameters('filter ctxsys.null_filter section group ctxsys.html_section_group');
Filter 的默认值会受到索引字段类型和 datastore 的类型的影响,对于存储在数据库中的 varchar2、char 和 clob 字段中的数据,oracle 自动选择了 null_filtel,若 datastore 的属性设置为 file_datastore,oracle 会选择 auto_filter 作为默认值。
3.
AUTO_FILTER
通用的过滤器,适用于大部分文档,包括 PDF 和 Ms word,过滤器还会自动识别出 plain-text, HTML, XHTML, SGML 和 XML 文档
Create table my_filter (id number, docs varchar2(1000));
Insert into my_filter values (1, 'Expert Oracle Database Architecture.pdf'); Insert into my_filter values (2, '1.txt');
Insert into my_filter values (3, '2.doc'); commit;
/
--建立 file datastore
Begin
ctx_ddl.create_preference('test_filter', 'file_datastore');
ctx_ddl.set_attribute('test_filter', 'path', '/opt/tmp');
End;
--错误信息表
select * from CTX_USER_INDEX_ERRORS
--建立auto filter
Create index idx_m_filter on my_filter (docs) indextype is ctxsys.context parameters ('datastore test_filter filter ctxsys.auto_filter');
select * from my_filter where contains(docs,'oracle')>0
AUTO_FILTER 能自动识别出大部分格式的文档,我们也可以显示的通过 column 来指定文档类型,有 text,binary,ignore,设置为 binary 的文档使用 auto_filter,设置为 text 的文档使用 null_filter,设置为 ignore 的文档不进行索引。
create table hdocs (id number primary key,fmt varchar2(10),text varchar2(80)); insert into hdocs values(1, 'binary', '/docs/myword.doc');
insert in hdocs values (2, 'text', '/docs/index.html');
insert in hdocs values (2, 'ignore', '/docs/1.txt');
commit;
create index hdocsx on hdocs(text) indextype is ctxsys.context
parameters ('datastore ctxsys.file_datastore filter ctxsys.auto_filter format column
fmt');
4.
MAIL_FILTER
通过 mail_filter 把 RFC-822,RFC-2045 信息转化成索引文本 限制:
文档必须是 us-ascii
长度不能超过 1024bytes
document must be syntactically valid with regard toRFC-822
5.
USER_FILTER
Use the USER_FILTER type to specify an external filterfor filtering documents in a column
6.
PROCEDURE_FILTER
Use the PROCEDURE_FILTER type to filter your documents witha stored procedure. The stored procedure is called each time a document needs to befiltered.
7.
参考脚本
--建立 null filter
create index myindex on docs(htmlfile) indextype is ctxsys.context
parameters('filter ctxsys.null_filter section group ctxsys.html_section_group');
--建立 auto filter
Create index idx_m_filter on my_filter (docs) indextype is ctxsys.context parameters ('datastore test_filter filter ctxsys.auto_filter');
Filter 错误记录表:CTX_USER_INDEX_ERRORS
(6).
Lexer 属性
Oracle 全文检索的 lexer 属性用于处理各种不同的语言,最基本的英文使用 basic_lexer, 中文则可以使用 chinese_vgram_lexer 或 chinese_lexer。
Type Description
BASIC_LEXER 英文或西方语言(使用空格作为分词界定)
MULTI_LEXER 多语言版本
CHINESE_VGRAM_LEXER 中文版本
CHINESE_LEXER 更智能的中文版本
JAPANESE_VGRAM_LEXER Lexer for extracting tokens fromJapanese text.
JAPANESE_LEXER Lexer for extracting tokens from Japanese text.
KOREAN_MORPH_LEXER Lexer for extracting tokens fromKorean text.
USER_LEXER Lexer you create to index a particular language.
WORLD_LEXER Lexer for indexing tables containing documents ofdifferent languages;
autodetects languages ina document
1.
Basic_lexer
basic_lexer 属性支持如英语、德语、荷兰语、挪威语、瑞典语等以空格作为界限的语言(原 文:Use the BASIC_LEXERtype to identify tokens for creating Text indexes for English and all other supported whitespace-delimited languages.)
Create table my_lex (id number, docs varchar2(1000));
Insert into my_lex values (1, 'this is a example for the basic_lexer');
Insert into my_lex values (2, 'he following example sets Printjoin characters ');
Insert into my_lex values (3, 'To create the INDEXwith no_theme indexing and with printjoins characters');
Insert into my_lex values (4, '中华人民共和国');
Insert into my_lex values (5, '中国淘宝软件');
Insert into my_lex values (6, '测试 basic_lexer是否支持中文'); Commit;
/
--建立 basic_lexer
begin
ctx_ddl.create_preference('mylex', 'BASIC_LEXER');
ctx_ddl.set_attribute ('mylex', 'printjoins', '_-'); --保留_ -符号
ctx_ddl.set_attribute ( 'mylex', 'index_themes', 'NO');
ctx_ddl.set_attribute ( 'mylex', 'index_text', 'YES');
ctx_ddl.set_attribute ('mylex','mixed_case','yes'); --区分大小写
end;
create index indx_m_lex on my_lex(docs) indextype is ctxsys.context parameters('lexer mylex');
Select id from my_lex where contains(docs, 'no_theme') > 0; select docs from my_lex where contains(docs,'中国')>0
2.
Mutil_lexer
支持多种语言的文档,比如你可以利用这个 lexer 来定义包含 Endlish,German 和 Japanese 的
文档(原文:Use MULTI_LEXER to index text columns that contain documents ofdifferent
languages. For example,you can use this lexer to index a text column that stores English, German,
and Japanese documents.)建立一个 multi_lexer 属性的索引,并通过 language 列设置需要索
引的语言,Oracle 会根据 language 列的内容去匹配 add_sub_lexer 过程中指定的语言标识符,
如果匹配的上,就使用该 sub_lexer 作为索引的 lexer,如果没有找到匹配的,就使用 default
语言作为索引的 lexer 列,注意客户端 nls_language,可能会影响 lexer 的选择
Select * from v$nls_parameters where parameter = 'NLS_LANGUAGE';
alter session set nls_language='simplified chinese';
alter session set nls_language='american';
例子:
create table globaldoc ( doc_id number primary key,lang varchar2(3),text clob); --建立multi_lexer
begin
ctx_ddl.create_preference('english_lexer','basic_lexer');
ctx_ddl.set_attribute('english_lexer','index_themes','yes');
ctx_ddl.set_attribute('english_lexer','theme_language','english');
ctx_ddl.create_preference('german_lexer','basic_lexer');
ctx_ddl.set_attribute('german_lexer','composite','german');
ctx_ddl.set_attribute('german_lexer','mixed_case','yes');
ctx_ddl.set_attribute('german_lexer','alternate_spelling','german');
ctx_ddl.create_preference('japanese_lexer','japanese_vgram_lexer');
ctx_ddl.create_preference('global_lexer', 'multi_lexer');
ctx_ddl.add_sub_lexer('global_lexer','default','english_lexer');
ctx_ddl.add_sub_lexer('global_lexer','german','german_lexer','ger');
ctx_ddl.add_sub_lexer('global_lexer','japanese','japanese_lexer','jpn');
end;
create index globalx on globaldoc(text) indextype is ctxsys.context parameters ('lexer global_lexer language column lang');
3.
chinese_vgram_lexer 和 chinese_lexer
basic_lexer 只能识别出被空格、标点和回车符分隔出来的部分,如果要对中文内容进行索引 的话,就必须使用 chinese_vgram_lexer 或是 chinese_lexer
Chinese_lexer 相比 chinese_vgram_lexer 有如下的优点: 产生的索引更小
更好的查询响应时间
产生更接近真实的索引切词,使得查询精度更高 支持停用词
因为 chinese_lexer 采用不同的算法来标记 tokens, 建立索引的时间要比 chinese_vgram_lexer
长.
字符集:支持 al32utf8,zhs16cgb231280,zhs16gbk,zhs32gb18030,zht32euc,zht16big5 zht32tris, zht16mswin950,zht16hkscs,utf8
--建立 chinese lexer
Begin
ctx_ddl.create_preference('my_chinese_vgram_lexer', 'chinese_vgram_lexer');
ctx_ddl.create_preference('my_chinese_lexer', 'chinese_lexer');
End;
-- chinese_vgram_lexer
Create index ind_m_lex1 on my_lex(docs) indextype is ctxsys.context Parameters ('lexer ctxsys.my_chinese_vgram_lexer');
Select * from t where contains(docs, '中国') > 0;
-- chinese_lexer
Create index ind_m_lex2 on my_lex(docs) indextype is ctxsys.context Parameters ('lexer ctxsys.my_chinese_lexer');
Select * from t where contains(docs, '中国') > 0;
4.
User_lexer
Use USER_LEXER to plug inyour own language-specific lexing solution. This enables you to
define lexers for languages that are notsupported by Oracle Text. It also enables you to define a
new lexer for a language that is supportedbut whose lexer is inappropriate for your application.
5
Default_lexer
如果数据库在建立的时候指定的是中文则 default_lexer 为 chinese_vgram_lexer,如果是英文, 则 default_lexer 为 basic_lexer
6.
Query_procedure
This callback storedprocedure is called by Oracle Text as needed to tokenize words in the query. Aspace-delimited group of characters (excluding the query operators) in the query will be identified by OracleText as a word.
7.
参考脚本
--建立 basic_lexer
begin
ctx_ddl.create_preference('mylex', 'BASIC_LEXER');
ctx_ddl.set_attribute ('mylex', 'printjoins', '_-'); --保留_ -符号
ctx_ddl.set_attribute ('mylex','mixed_case','yes'); --区分大小写
end;
create index indx_m_lex on my_lex(docs) indextype is ctxsys.context parameters('lexer mylex');
--建立 chinese_vgram_lexer 或是 chinese_lexer
Begin
ctx_ddl.create_preference('my_chinese_vgram_lexer', 'chinese_vgram_lexer');
ctx_ddl.create_preference('my_chinese_lexer', 'chinese_lexer');
End;
-- chinese_vgram_lexer
Create index ind_m_lex1 on my_lex(docs) indextype is ctxsys.context Parameters ('lexer ctxsys.my_chinese_vgram_lexer');
(7).
Section Group 属性
Section group 支持查询包含内部结构的文档(如 html、xml 文档等),可以指定对文档
的某一部分进行查询,你可以将查询范围限定在标题 head 中。在 html、xml 等类似结构的文
档中,除了用来显示的内容外,还包括了大量用于控制结构的标识,而这些标识可能是不希
望被索引的,这就是 section group 的一个主要功能(原文:In order to issue WITHIN queries on
document sections, youmust create a section group before you define your sections)
Type Description
NULL_SECTION_GROUP 系统默认参数,不进行任何过滤,有 SENTENCE ,PARAGRAPH属性
BASIC_SECTION_GROUP 支持<tag>开头以</tag>结尾的结构的文档
HTML_SECTION_GROUP 支持html 文档
XML_SECTION_GROUP 支持xml 文档
AUTO_SECTION_GROUP Use this group type toautomatically create a zone section for
each start-tag/end-tag pair in an XMLdocument. The section
names derived from XMLtags are case sensitive as in XML.
Attribute sections are createdautomatically for XML tags that have attributes. Attribute sections are named in the formtag@attribute.
Stop sections, empty tags, processing instructions, and
Type Description
comments are not indexed.
The following limitations apply to automatic section groups:
• You cannot add zone, field, or specialsections to an
automatic section group.
• You can define a stop section that appliesonly to one
particular type; that is, if you havetwo different XML
DTDs, both of which use a tagcalled FOO, you can define
(TYPE1)FOO to be stopped,but(TYPE2)FOO to not be
stopped.
• The length of the indexed tags, includingprefix and
namespace, cannot exceed 64 bytes.Tags longer than this
are not indexed.
PATH_SECTION_GROUP Use this group type toindex XML documents. Behaves like the
AUTO_SECTION_GROUP.
The difference is that with thissection group you can do path searching with the INPATH and HASPATH operators. Queriesare also case-sensitive fortag and attribute names. Stop sections are not allowed.
NEWS_SECTION_GROUP Use this group fordefining sections in newsgroup formatted
documents according to RFC 1036.
1.
Null_section_group
系统默认,不进行任何节的过滤
例子:
Create table my_sec (id number, docs varchar2(100));
Insert into my_sec values (1, 'a simple section group, test null_section_groupattribute.'); Insert into my_sec values (2, 'this record one, can be query in nornal');
Insert into my_sec values (4, 'this record
are tested for
the query in paragraph');
Commit;
/
--定义 null_section_group
Create index ind_m_sec on my_sec(docs) indextype is ctxsys.context parameters ('section group ctxsys.null_section_group');
Select * from my_sec where contains(docs, 'record and query') > 0;
--要预先定义 sentence或 paragraph',否则查询会出错
Select * from my_sec where contains(docs, '(record and query) within sentence') > 0;
Begin
ctx_ddl.create_section_group('test_null', 'null_section_group');
ctx_ddl.add_special_section('test_null', 'sentence');
ctx_ddl.add_special_section('test_null', 'paragraph');
End;
drop index ind_m_sec;
Create index ind_m_sec on my_sec(docs) indextype is ctxsys.context parameters ('section group test_null');
Select * from my_sec where contains(docs, '(record and query) within sentence') > 0;
Select * from my_sec where contains(docs, '(record and query) within paragraph') > 0;
2.
Basic_section_group
basic_section_group 才是支持节搜索的最基础的一种属性,但是它只支持以<tag>开头以 </tag>结尾的结构的文档
Create table my_sec1 (id number, docs varchar2(1000));
Insert into my_sec1 values (1, '<heading>title</heading> <context>this is the contents of the example.
Use this example to test the basic_section_group.</context>');
Insert into my_sec1 values (2, '<heading>example</heading>
<context>this line incluing the word title too.</context>');
Commit;
/
Create index ind_my_sec1 on my_sec1(docs) indextype is ctxsys.context; Select * from my_sec1 where contains (docs, 'heading') > 0;
--定义basic_section_group
Begin
Ctx_ddl.create_section_group('test_basic', 'basic_section_group');
End;
drop index ind_my_sec1;
Create index ind_my_sec1 on my_sec1(docs) indextype is ctxsys.context parameters ('section group test_basic');
Select * from my_sec1 where contains (docs, 'heading') > 0;
Select * from my_sec1 where contains (docs, 'context') > 0;
Select * from my_sec1 where contains (docs, 'use') > 0;
节搜索的另一个主要功能就是可以限制查询的范围,上面的文档包含了两部分,标题和正文, 其中标题使用标签<heading>,正文使用标签<context>,我们可以对 basic_section_group 添加 区域属性,运行查询在文档的某个范围内进行
Drop index ind_my_sec1;
Begin
ctx_ddl.add_zone_section('test_basic', 'head', 'heading');
End;
Create index ind_my_sec1 on my_sec1(docs) indextype is ctxsys.context parameters ('section group test_basic');
Select * from my_sec1 where contains (docs, 'title') > 0; --在 head 里面查询
Select * from my_sec1 where contains (docs, 'title within head') > 0;
3.
Html_section_group
Html 文档具有很多不规范的表示方法,oracle 建议使用 html_section_group 以便能够得到更 好的识别
--定义 html_section_group
begin
ctx_ddl.create_section_group('htmgroup', 'HTML_SECTION_GROUP');
end;
create index myindex on docs(htmlfile) indextype is ctxsys.context
parameters('filter ctxsys.null_filter section group htmgroup');
无论是 field_section 还是 zone_section,表示文档的 tag 标签都是大小写敏感的,其大小写需 要和原文中匹配
4.
Xml_section_group
Xml 文 档 的 格 式 要 求 比 html 文 档 严 谨 、 规 范 , 这 也 使 得 xml_section_group 比 html_section_group 具有了更多的功能
例子:
Create table my_sec2 (id number, docs varchar2(1000));
Insert into my_sec2 values (1, 'context.xml');
commit;
/
--定义 xml_section_group
Begin
ctx_ddl.create_preference('test_file', 'file_datastore');
ctx_ddl.set_attribute('test_file', 'path', '/opt/tmp');
ctx_ddl.create_section_group('test_html', 'html_section_group');
ctx_ddl.create_section_group('test_xml', 'xml_section_group');
End;
Create index ind_t_docs on my_sec2 (docs) indextype is ctxsys.context
parameters('datastore ctxsys.test_file filter ctxsys.null_filter section group ctxsys.test_xml')
Select * from my_sec2 where contains (docs, 'complete') > 0;
Begin
ctx_ddl.add_attr_section('test_xml', 'name', 'const@name');
End;
Select * from my_sec2 where contains (docs, 'complete within name') > 0;
5.
Auto_section_group
Xml_section_group 的增强型,对于 xml_section_group 用户需要自己添加需要定义的节组, 而使用 auto_section_group,则 oracle 会自动添加节组以及属性信息
6.
Path_section_group
和 auto_section_group 十分类似,path_section_group 比 auto_section_group 增加了 haspath 和 inpath 操作,但是 path_section_group 不支持 add_stop_section 属性
7.
参考脚本
--建立 null_section_group
Create index ind_m_sec on my_sec(docs) indextype is ctxsys.context parameters ('section group ctxsys.null_section_group');
--建立 basic_section_group
Begin
Ctx_ddl.create_section_group('test_basic', 'basic_section_group');
End;
Begin
ctx_ddl.add_zone_section('test_basic', 'head', 'heading'); --设定节查询
End;
Create index ind_my_sec1 on my_sec1(docs) indextype is ctxsys.context parameters ('section group test_basic');
--建立 Html_section_group
begin
ctx_ddl.create_section_group('htmgroup', 'HTML_SECTION_GROUP');
end;
create index myindex on docs(htmlfile) indextype is ctxsys.context
parameters('filter ctxsys.null_filter section group htmgroup');
--建立 Xml_section_group
Begin
ctx_ddl.create_section_group('test_xml', 'xml_section_group');
End;
Create index ind_t_docs on my_sec2 (docs) indextype is ctxsys.context
parameters('filter ctxsys.null_filter section group ctxsys.test_xml')
(8).
Storage 属性
Oracle 全文检索通常会生成一系列的辅助表,生成规则是 dr$+索引名+$+表用途标识, 由于这些表是 oracle 自动生成的,通常没有办法为这些表指定存储空间。为构造 text 索引所
生成的辅助表指定表空间、存储参数(use the storagepreference to specify tablespace and
creation parameters fortables associated with a text index),oracle 提供了单一的存储类型
basic_storage。
在 mytable1 表中建立了全文索检索 myindex ,系统中会自动产生如下 5 个表 : DR$MYINDEX$I,DR$MYINDEX$K,DR$MYINDEX$R,DR$MYINDEX$X,MYTABLE1
Attribute Attribute Value
i_table_clause 指定dr$indexname$I 的存储参数
k_table_clause 指定dr$indexname$K 的存储参数,K 表存储键值映射表(keymap)
r_table_clause 指定 dr$indexname$R 的存储参数,R 表存储 rowid 表
The default clause is: 'LOB(DATA) STORE AS (CACHE)'
n_table_clause 指定dr$indexname$N 的存储参数,N 表存储负键值链表(negative list )
i_index_clause 指定 dr$indexname$X 的存储参数,I 表存储索引数据表(index data table)
The default clause is: 'COMPRESS 2' which instructs Oracle Text to compress this index table.
另:oracle 建议使用COMPRESS 2 以节省空间存储
p_table_clause 只有在设置BASIC_WORDLIST 的 SUBSTRING_INDEX 属性才有用,P 表示是索
引组织表
1.
参考脚本
--建立 basic storage
Begin
Ctx_ddl.create_preference('mystore', 'basic_storage'); --建立 storage Ctx_ddl.set_attribute('mystore', --设置参数
'i_table_clause',
'tablespace foo storage (initial 1k)');
Ctx_ddl.set_attribute('mystore',
'k_table_clause',
'tablespace foo storage (initial 1k)');
Ctx_ddl.set_attribute('mystore',
'r_table_clause',
'tablespace users storage (initial 1k) lob
(data) store as (disable storage in row cache)');
Ctx_ddl.set_attribute('mystore',
'n_table_clause',
'tablespace foo storage (initial 1k)');
Ctx_ddl.set_attribute('mystore',
'i_index_clause',
'tablespace foo storage (initial 1k) compress 2');
Ctx_ddl.set_attribute('mystore',
'p_table_clause',
'tablespace foo storage (initial 1k)');
End;
--建立索引
Create index indx_m_word on my_word(docs) indextype is ctxsys.context parameters('storage mystore');
(9).
Wordlist 属性
Oracle 全文检索的 wordlist 属性用来设置模糊查询和同词根查询,wordlist 属性还支持 子查询和前缀查询,oracle 的 wordlist 属性只有 basic_wordlist 一种(原文:Use the wordlist preference to enable the query options suchas stemming, fuzzy matching for your language. You can also use the wordlist preference to enable substring and prefixindexing, which improves performance for wildcard queries with CONTAINS andCATSEARCH.)
1.
例子:
Create table my_word (id number, docs varchar2(1000));
Insert into my_word values (1, 'Specify the stemmerused for word stemming in Text queries');
Insert into my_word values (2, 'Specify which fuzzy matching routines are used for the
column');
Insert into my_word values (3, 'Fuzzy matching is currently supported for English');
Insert into my_word values (4, 'Specify a default lower limit of fuzzy score. Specify a number between 0 and 80');
Insert into my_word values (5, 'Specify TRUE for Oracle Text to create asubstring index matched.');
commit;
/
--建立 wordlist
Begin
ctx_ddl.drop_preference('mywordlist');
ctx_ddl.create_preference('mywordlist', 'basic_wordlist');
ctx_ddl.set_attribute('mywordlist','fuzzy_match','english'); --模糊匹配,英语
ctx_ddl.set_attribute('mywordlist','fuzzy_score','0');--匹配得分
ctx_ddl.set_attribute('mywordlist','fuzzy_numresults','5000');
ctx_ddl.set_attribute('mywordlist','substring_index','true'); --左查询,适用%to,%to%
ctx_ddl.set_attribute('mywordlist','stemmer','english');--词根
ctx_ddl.set_attribute('mywordlist', 'prefix_index', 'true');--右查询,适用 t0%
End;
Create index indx_m_word on my_word(docs) indextype is ctxsys.context parameters('wordlist mywordlist');
--例子
Select docs from my_word where contains(docs,'$match')>0 ; --词根查询 Select docs from my_word where contains(docs,'MA%')>0; --匹配查询
2.
document 上的例子
create table quick( quick_id number primary key, text varchar(80) );--- insert a row with 10 expansions for 'tire%'
insert into quick ( quick_id, text )
values ( 1, 'tire tirea tireb tirec tired tiree tiref tireg tireh tirei tirej'); commit;
/
begin
Ctx_Ddl.Create_Preference('wildcard_pref', 'BASIC_WORDLIST');
ctx_ddl.set_attribute('wildcard_pref', 'wildcard_maxterms', 100) ;
end;
/
create index wildcard_idx on quick(text) indextype is ctxsys.context
parameters ('Wordlist wildcard_pref') ;
select quick_id from quick where contains ( text, 'tire%' ) > 0; drop index wildcard_idx ;
begin
Ctx_Ddl.Drop_Preference('wildcard_pref');
Ctx_Ddl.Create_Preference('wildcard_pref', 'BASIC_WORDLIST');
ctx_ddl.set_attribute('wildcard_pref', 'wildcard_maxterms', 5) ;--限制最大的匹配数,如 果超过这个数量,查询出现报错
end;
/
create index wildcard_idx on quick(text) indextype is ctxsys.context parameters ('Wordlist wildcard_pref') ;
select quick_id from quick where contains ( text, 'tire%' ) > 0;
3.
参考脚本
--建立 wordlist
|
begin
ctx_ddl.create_preference('mywordlist', 'BASIC_WORDLIST');
ctx_ddl.set_attribute('mywordlist','PREFIX_INDEX','TRUE'); --定义 wordlist 的参数
end;
--删除 wordlist
begin
ctx_ddl.drop_preference('mywordlist');
end;
(9).
Stoplist 属性
Stoplist 允许屏蔽某些常用的词,比如 is,a,this,对这些词进行索引用处不大,系统
默认会使用和数据库语言相对应的停用词库(原文:Stoplists identify the words in your
language that are notto be indexed. In English, you can also identify stopthemes that are not to be
indexed. By default, the system indexes text using the system-supplied stoplistthat corresponds to
,Oracle text 提供最常用的停用词库语言包括 English, French, German,
Spanish, Chinese, Dutch, and Danish
分别有 basic_stoplist,empty_stoplist,default_stoplist,multi_stoplist 几种类型
1.
Basic_stoplist
建立用户自定义的停用词库,文档中关于 stoplist 的介绍相当少,只有寥寥的数行 例子:
Create table my_stop (id number, docs varchar2(1000));
Insert into my_stop values (1, 'Stoplists identifythe words in your language that are not to be indexed.');
Insert into my_stop values (2, 'ou can also identifystopthemes that are not to be indexed'); Commit;
/
--建立 basic stoplist
Begin
Ctx_ddl.create_stoplist('test_stoplist', 'basic_stoplist');
End;
Create index ind_m_stop on my_stop(docs) indextype is ctxsys.context parameters ('stoplist test_stoplist');
Select * from my_stop where contains(docs, 'words') > 0;
Begin
Ctx_ddl.add_stopword('test_stoplist', 'language'); --添加停用词
ctx_ddl.sync_index('ind_m_stop', '2m'); --同步索引
End;
Select * from my_stop where contains(docs, 'language') > 0; --添加停用词,同步索引后发现还是 能查到,需要重新建立索引才能生效
Drop index ind_m_stop;
Create index ind_m_stop on my_stop(docs) indextype is ctxsys.context parameters ('stoplist test_stoplist');
Select * from my_stop where contains(docs, 'language') > 0; --停用词生效
添加停用词,同步索引后发现还是能查到,需要重新建立索引才能生效。
2.
Empty_stoplist
停用词库没有任何停用词,适用于不需要过滤的查询中,如不需要过滤 is this,a 等。
2.
Default_stoplist
建立 basic_stoplist 后,里面不包含任何的停用词,而 default_stoplist 在 basic_stoplist 的基础 上增加了预定义的默认停用词,对于不同的语言,默认的停用词库数据也不一样
例子:
Create table my_stop (id number, docs varchar2(1000));
Insert into my_stop values (1, 'Stoplists identifythe words in your language that are not to be indexed.');
Insert into my_stop values (2, 'ou can also identifystopthemes that are not to be indexed'); Commit;
/
--建立 lexer,不同 lexer 属性会默认不同的停用词库
Begin
ctx_ddl.create_preference('test_b_lexer', 'basic_lexer');
End;
drop index ind_m_word;
--建立默认停用词 default_stoplist
Create index ind_m_word on my_stop(docs) indextype is ctxsys.context Parameters ('lexer test_b_lexer stoplist ctxsys.default_stoplist'); --检查默认词库中是否存在
Select * from my_stop where contains(docs, 'the') > 0;
Select * from my_stop where contains(docs, 'stopthemes') > 0; --往默认词库中添加停用词
conn ctxsys/ctxsys;
Begin
ctx_ddl.add_stopword('default_stoplist', 'stopthemes'); --增加停用词
ctx_ddl.add_stopword('default_stoplist', 'words');
ctx_ddl.remove_stopword('default_stoplist', 'words');--删除停用词
End;
--添加后需重新建立索引才能生效
conn oratext/oratext;
drop index ind_m_word;
Create index ind_m_word on my_stop(docs) indextype is ctxsys.context
Parameters ('lexer test_b_lexer stoplist ctxsys.default_stoplist');
Select * from my_stop where contains(docs, 'words') > 0;
Select * from my_stop where contains(docs, 'stopthemes') > 0;
--相关数据字典
Select * from ctx_preferences where pre_name = 'DEFAULT_LEXER';
Select * from ctx_stopwords where spw_stoplist = 'DEFAULT_STOPLIST';
4.
multi_stoplist
多语言停用词,适用在文档中包含不同的语言(A multi-language stoplistis useful when you use the MULTI_LEXER to index a table that contains documents in differentlanguages, such as English, German, and Japanese)
增加停用词时,可以为停用词指定某种语言,只对指定的语言生效,默认情况下停用词对任 何语言都是生效的。
--建立 multi_stoplist
begin
ctx_ddl.create_stoplist('multistop1', 'MULTI_STOPLIST');
ctx_ddl.add_stopword('multistop1', 'Die', 'german');
ctx_ddl.add_stopword('multistop1', 'Or', 'english');
end;
添加停用词,同步索引后发现还是能查到,需要重新建立索引才能生效。
5.
参考脚本
--建立 stoplist:
Begin
Ctx_ddl.create_stoplist('test_stoplist', 'basic_stoplist');
End;
--删除 stoplist:
begin
ctx_ddl.drop_stoplist(' test_stoplist ');
end;
--增加停用词
ctx_ddl.add_stopword('default_stoplist', 'stopthemes'); --增加停用词 --删除停用词
ctx_ddl.remove_stopword('default_stoplist', 'words');--删除停用词
(10).
Theme 主题查询
主题查询的概念是根据文档的含义,而不仅仅是根据某个词的匹配程度来返回查询结果
的。比如查询 about(’US politics’)可能会返回‘US presidential elections’ 和 ‘US foreign
policy’之类的结果(原文:An ABOUT query is a query on a document theme. Adocument theme
is a concept that is sufficiently developedin the text. For example, an ABOUT query on US politics
might return documentscontaining information about US presidential elections and US foreign
policy. Documents neednot contain the exact phrase US politics to be returned.)
10g 只支持两种主题查询语言:English,French
例子:
--在 context 中启用主题查询
BEGIN
CTX_DDL.CREATE_PREFERENCE('TEST_ABOUT', 'BASIC_LEXER');
CTX_DDL.SET_ATTRIBUTE('TEST_ABOUT', 'INDEX_THEMES', 'YES');
CTX_DDL.SET_ATTRIBUTE('TEST_ABOUT', 'INDEX_TEXT', 'YES');
END;
CREATE INDEX IND_m_about ON my_about(DOCS) INDEXTYPE IS CTXSYS.CONTEXT PARAMETERS ('LEXER CTXSYS.TEST_ABOUT');
--查询
SELECT * FROM my_about WHERE CONTAINS(DOCS, 'ABOUT(US politics)') > 0;
(11).
Highlighting 高亮显示
并不是说将内容高亮显示,而是返回所有命中词在文档中的位置和命中词本身的长度。
这样用户在得到文档的同时,还得到了需要高亮显示的内容的长度和偏移量,真正的显示工
作需要由用户来完成(原文:In Oracle Text query applications, you can present selected
documents with queryterms highlighted for text queries or with themes highlighted for ABOUT
queries)
例子:
Create table my_high (id number primary key, docs varchar2(1000));
insert into my_high values (1,'this is a oracle text example. And oracle is thekey word.');
insert into my_high values (2, '<title>oracle text</title>
2 <body>this is a oracle ctx_doc hightlight example.</body>'); commit;
/
--建立索引
create index ind_m_high on my_high(docs) indextype is ctxsys.context; --返回结果的偏移量
set serverout on
declare
v_restab ctx_doc.highlight_tab;
begin
ctx_doc.highlight('ind_m_high', 1, 'oracle', v_restab, true); for i in 1..v_restab.count loop
dbms_output.put_line('begin with: ' || v_restab(i).offset
v_restab(i).length);
end loop;
end;
begin with: 11 length: 6
begin with: 36 length: 6
参考:
|| ' length: ' ||
http://yangtingkun.itpub.net/post/468/212718
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/text.102/b14217/view.htm
(12).
常用的脚本:
1.删除 preference:
begin
ctx_ddl.drop_preference('my_lexer');
end;
2.索引重建:
ALTER INDEX newsindexREBUILD PARAMETERS('replace lexer my_lexer');
3.同步索引
begin
ctx_ddl.sync_index('myindex', '2M');
end;
或通过后台设置同步脚本:
$ORACLE_HOME/ctx/sample/script/drjobdml.sql --后台同步脚本(9i 中有,10g 不知道放哪儿了,文档
有问题)
SQL> @drjobdmlmyindex 360 --表示以周期 360 分钟同步索引 myindex
或通过创建索引加参数实现
--表示每小时同步一次,内存 16m
CREATE INDEX IND_m_high ON my_high(DOCS) INDEXTYPE IS CTXSYS.CONTEXT
parameters ('sync (EVERY "TRUNC(SYSDATE)+ 1/24") memory 16m ') parallel 2 online; (确认这个时间间隔内索引同步能完成,否则,sync job 将处于挂起状态)
--还可以是
sync (manual) --手工同步,默认
sync (on commit) --dml后立即同步
--通过 job 定义同步
declare
job number;
begin
dbms_job.submit(job,
'ctx_ddl.sync_index(''ind_m_high'');', --索引名 interval => 'SYSDATE+1/1440'); --1 分钟一次
commit;
dbms_output.put_line('job ' || job || ' has been submitted.');
end;
4.索引碎片:
刚开始建立索引后,DOG 可能是如下的条目
DOGDOC1 DOC3 DOC5
新的文档增加到表后,新行会同步到索引中去, 假设新文档中 Doc7 中的 DOG 被同步到索引中去,DOG 可能变成如下条目
DOGDOC1 DOC3 DOC5
DOGDOC7
随后的 DML 操作可能变成:
DOGDOC1 DOC3 DOC5
DOGDOC7
DOGDOC9
DOGDOC11
这就产生了碎片,需要进行索引的优化
查看索引碎片
create table output (result CLOB);
declare
x clob := null;
begin
ctx_report.index_stats('idx_auction', x);
insert into output values (x);
commit;
dbms_lob.freetemporary(x);
end;
select * from output
5.索引优化:
快速 fast 优化和全部 full 优化的区别是,快速优化不会删除没用的、过期的数据,而 full 会删除老的数 据(deleted rows)
--快速优化
begin
ctx_ddl.optimize_index('myidx','FAST');
end;
--全部优化
begin
ctx_ddl.optimize_index('myidx','FULL');
end;
--对单个记号进行优化,默认是 full 模式
begin
ctx_ddl.optimize_index('myidx','token', TOKEN=>'Oracle');
end;
6.Online 参数限制:
at the very beginningor very end of this process, dml might fail. online is supported for contextindexes only.
online cannot be used with parallel.
--online 索引的时候后面必须要加 parameters,否则会失败
alter index IND_m_high rebuild online parameters ('sync memory 16m' )
7.更改索引的属性,但不进行索引重建
Replaces the existing preference classsettings, including SYNC parameters, of the index with the settings from new_preference. Only index preferences and attributesare replaced. The index is notrebuilt.
ALTER INDEX myidx REBUILD PARAMETERS('replace metadata transactional');
alter index idx_auction_db1 rebuild PARAMETERS('REPLACE METADATA SYNC(ON COMMIT)') ; 参考文档:
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/text.102/b14218/csql.htm#CIHBFDCE
8.Score:
--表示得分,分值越高,表示查到的数据越精确
SELECT SCORE(1), id, text FROM docs WHERE CONTAINS(text, 'oracle', 1) > 0; --根据得分来排序
SELECT SCORE(1), title from news WHERE CONTAINS(text,'oracle', 1) > 0 AND issue_date >= ('01-OCT-97')
ORDER BY SCORE(1) DESC;
9.分析表:
ANALYZE TABLE <table_name> COMPUTE STATISTICS;
ANALYZE TABLE <table_name> ESTIMATE STATISTICS 1000 ROWS; ANALYZE TABLE <table_name> ESTIMATE STATISTICS 50 PERCENT; ANALYZE TABLE <table_name> DELETE STATISTICS;
10.数据字典表:
查看系统默认的 oracle text 参数
Select pre_name, pre_object from ctx_preferences 查询 dml 操作后索引为同步
SELECT pnd_index_name, pnd_rowid, to_char(pnd_timestamp, 'dd-mon-yyyy hh24:mi:ss')
timestamp FROM ctx_user_pending;
查看错误记录表
select * from CTX_USER_INDEX_ERRORS
11.Php,Jsp 应用 oracle text:
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/text.102/b14217/acase.htm
12.逻辑操作符:
Operator 符号 表达式
AND & 'catsAND dogs'
'cats & dogs'
OR | 'cats | dogs'
'cats OR dogs'
NOT ~ 'animals ~ dogs'(查询除了 dog 外的所有动物)
ACCUM , 'dogs,cats, puppies'(查找文档中包含这个这
三个词)
EQUIV = 'Germanshepherds=alsatians are big dogs'
Near Near 'near((dog, cat),6)' 查找 dog 和 cat 必须满足相邻
6 个词之内
() () (A B) | C 查找的结果满足(a and b) or c
-- or 操作符
Select id, text from docs where contains(text, 'city or state ') > 0; --and 操作符
Select id, text from docs where contains(text, 'city and state ') > 0;
或是
Select id, text from docs where contains(text, 'city state ') > 0;
13.索引优化问题
--先看个例子
SQL> execctx_ddl.optimize_index('idx_auction_db1','FULL');
PL/SQL proceduresuccessfully completed.
Elapsed: 00:16:16.77
索引优化相当的慢,200 万的数据建立 context 索引需要不到 5 分钟,而优化索引居然要 16 分钟,这么慢 的优化速度对一个具有几亿表的数据是很难接受的的。刚开始我以为这是 oracle 的一个 bug,后来查到了 一些文档。Oracle10g 引进了 rebuild 优化参数,速度还是很快的。
SQL> execctx_ddl.optimize_index('idx_auction_db1','rebuild') ;
PL/SQL proceduresuccessfully completed.
Elapsed: 00:03:18.92
参考文档:
http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/text/x/10g_tech_overview.html#idxmaint_opt_rebuild
The REBUILD mode optimizes an index by building a fresh shadow copy of theindex, then swapping it with the existing index.
FULL optimize updates the $I table in place. This can be slow, since we must use SQLinserts and deletes, which areslower than direct path writing. Ontop of that, the $X index slows down any DML on $I. The new REBUILD mode of optimize is designed to get around theseproblems. You invoke it like a fast optimize, but specify REBUILDfor the mode:
execctx_ddl.optimize_index('myidx','REBUILD');
There is currently no symbolCTX_DDL.OPTLEVEL_REBUILD, so you'll just have to write out the literal
string REBUILD. Rebuild optimize optimizes the entire indexin one shot, so there is no need
to specify maxtime,token, and token_type parameters -- you'll just get a syntax error. Rebuild
optimize, like FULL, canbe run in parallel, so you may specify a parallel_degree parameter if
you wish.
So what does it do? Broadly, it creates an empty $I, copies thecontents of current $I to the new $I, optimizing each row as it copies, then swaps the new $I and theold $I. This can be faster than FULL because FULL has to insertrows using SQL, then delete old rows, all the time updating $X. REBUILD can insert using direct path load, does not have to delete oldrows, and does not have to update a b-tree index.
Here's what REBUILDoptimize does, specifically:
1. Create two shadow $I tables. Shadow 1 is namedDR$<idx>MI, while shadow 2 isnamed
DR$<idx>NI. Both will use the storage clause for $I, soif the initial extent on that
storage clause is really high, you could run out of space here. The MI table will be
partitioned, but have only one partition. It needs to be partitioned so that later we
can do a swap with theexisting $I. We use special internal calls so that thisworks
even on standard edition,which does not have partitioning. Obviously this precludes
your use of storagepreferences which would partition the $Itable.
2. Create a log table DR$<idx>$L -- this table is used to monitorchanges to the existing
$I table during the optimization. It gets no storage clause, so uses theindex owner's
default tablespace's defaultstorage.
3. Create a copy of the current $N table, namedDR$<idx>MN. This serves as asnapshot of
deleteddocids.
4. Create a monitor trigger, DR$<idx>$T, which logsthe rowid of all inserts to the existing
$Iin the $L table
5. Copy the existing $I table to the shadow I tables. This is done in one complex SQL
statement -- roughly,
insert into <shadow I>
select * from TABLE(optimize_index(CURSOR(select * from $I))
Let's break this down. The innermost part is theCURSOR. This selects all the rows from
$I and passes themthrough the optimize_index function. The optimize function reads the
snapshot $N table, thentakes the $I rows coming from the cursor and optimizes them --
removing garbage rows, defragging small rows, etc. It uses essentially the same code
as the FULL optimize. The table function returns optimized $Irows which are then shunted
by the insert into statement into the shadow tables. (Mostly to shadow 1. Shadow 2gets
those rows with really long token_info, fortechnical reasons). The insert intouses the efficient direct pathinsertion, so the I/O costs of populating the shadow tables is minimal. (You do not need to have NOLOGGING in yourI_TABLE_CLAUSE in your storage preference, but it might help performance if you do, or if it is part ofthe tablespace default). At the end ofthis statement, the shadow tables hold an optimized version of theexisting $I table data.
6. Copy all rows from shadow 2 to shadow 1
7. Create a shadow $X index on shadow 1
8. Copy any newrows in $I to shadow 1. While we weredoing the optimize, the $I might have
changed. Perhaps there was a concurrent sync, orctx_ddl.add_mdata. Our shadow 1 does
not have these new rows. Luckily, their rowids are logged in $L (remember the monitor
trigger created in step 4?). So it's a simple matter to copy the newrows from $I to
shadow 1 -- insert into shadow1 as select from $I, $L where$L.logged_rowid = $I.rowid.
9. Swap shadow 1 and $I, using alter table exchange partition
10.We've optimized all the docids in the snapshot $N table, but there could havebeen deletes
or updates while we were doing the optimize, so wecan't just truncate the $N table. We
need to delete all the docids in our snapshot tablefrom the $N. Logically, that's what
we do here. Only practically, it is easier to create a shadow $N table (DR$<idx>NN)
using create table as selectcurrent $N table MINUS snapshot $N table.
11. Swap the secondshadow N table and the $N table
12. Drop all shadowobjects, which have old data in them
The implication of steps 8 and 10 is that after arebuild optimize, your index may not be totally optimal -- DML that happens during the optimizecannot be optimized. But this kind ofthing is unavoidable, and no interesting index stays pristine for very long,anyway.
So, when do you use FULL vs REBUILD vsTOKEN? Use FULL and its time-limitedoperation for continuing maintenance, like acron job that kicks off every night for 4 hours. This can be supplementedby a cron that runs some TOKEN or TOKEN_TYPE optimizes for continuing targeted maintenance, keeping especially dynamic fieldsections, mdata sections, or text tokens
optimal. Use REBUILD for periodic maintenance --like running it once a month or something, if FULL if unable to keep up withdaily activity.
13.事务查询
索引可能不是实时进行同步的,但是查询又要求实时的。
--更改索引为事务性,查询再找索引时还会 dr$unindexed 表,把满足条件还未索引的记录找出来
alter index idx_auction_db1 rebuild parameters('replace metadata transactional')
例子:
select count(*) from table where contains(text, 'someword') > 0; -- 0 hitsinsert into table values ('someword');
select count(*) from table where contains(text, 'someword') >0; -- 1 hit (the one we just entered)
rollback;
select count(*) from table where contains(text, 'someword') > 0; -- 0 hit
仅仅是对某个 session 启用
execctx_query.disable_transactional_query :=TRUE;
参考文档:
http://tahiti.oracle.com
http://yangtingkun.itpub.net
http://epub.itpub.net/4/1.htm
http://www.oracle.com/global/cn/oramag/oracle/04-sep/o54text.html
http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/text/x/10g_tech_overview.htmlhttp://forums.oracle.com/forums/thread.jspa?messageID=1958708
后记:
本文档是我花了一个星期时间整理出来的,里面可能有很多不对的地方,请大家多多指 正,我们共同来完善 oracle text,共同来推广 oracle text 在国内的普及。文档部分内容来自 document 的翻译,部分内容来自网友的文章,还有一部分来出自我的理解,本人名字徐进 挺,puber 名 westlife_xu。
2007-8-23