MySQL安装脚本 mysql_install_db 详解

#!/bin/sh
# Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
# 
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.
# 
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
# 
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA

# This scripts creates the MySQL Server system tables
#
# All unrecognized arguments to this script are passed to mysqld.
#下面的是参数列表，有些是有默认参数值的
basedir=""
builddir=""
ldata="./data"
langdir=""
srcdir=""

args=""
defaults=""
mysqld_opt=""
user=""

force=0
in_rpm=0
ip_only=0
cross_bootstrap=0
#下面的usage函数是显示帮助提示信息的函数
usage()
{
  cat <<EOF
Usage: $0 [OPTIONS]
  --basedir=path       The path to the MySQL installation directory.
  --builddir=path      If using --srcdir with out-of-directory builds, you
                       will need to set this to the location of the build
                       directory where built files reside.
  --cross-bootstrap    For internal use.  Used when building the MySQL system
                       tables on a different host than the target.
  --datadir=path       The path to the MySQL data directory.
  --defaults-extra-file=name
                       Read this file after the global files are read.
  --defaults-file=name Only read default options from the given file name.
  --force              Causes mysql_install_db to run even if DNS does not
                       work.  In that case, grant table entries that normally
                       use hostnames will use IP addresses.
  --help               Display this help and exit.                     
  --ldata=path         The path to the MySQL data directory. Same as --datadir.
  --no-defaults        Don't read default options from any option file.
  --rpm                For internal use.  This option is used by RPM files
                       during the MySQL installation process.
  --skip-name-resolve  Use IP addresses rather than hostnames when creating
                       grant table entries.  This option can be useful if
                       your DNS does not work.
  --srcdir=path        The path to the MySQL source directory.  This option
                       uses the compiled binaries and support files within the
                       source tree, useful for if you don't want to install
                       MySQL yet and just want to create the system tables.
  --user=user_name     The login username to use for running mysqld.  Files
                       and directories created by mysqld will be owned by this
                       user.  You must be root to use this option.  By default
                       mysqld runs using your current login name and files and
                       directories that it creates will be owned by you.

All other options are passed to the mysqld program

EOF
  exit 1
}
#下面的s_echo()函数是用来显示日志的，当in_rpm和cross_bootstrap变量值都是默认值0的时候，会显示传入的第一个参数值
s_echo()
{
  if test "$in_rpm" -eq 0 -a "$cross_bootstrap" -eq 0
  then
    echo "$1"
  fi
}
#下面parse_arg()函数是用来解析参数的，会将传入的第一个字符串参数，=号右边的字符串显示出来(并且要求传入的字符串参数=号不能作为开头)
parse_arg()
{
  echo "$1" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'
}
#下面parse_arguments()函数会解析本脚本的传入参数，将传入的参数值给对于的变量。如果第一个参数值是PICK-ARGS-FROM-ARGV，则会将这个函数中不能识别的
#参数放到args变量中
parse_arguments()
{
  # We only need to pass arguments through to the server if we don't
  # handle them here.  So, we collect unrecognized options (passed on
  # the command line) into the args variable.
  pick_args=
  if test "$1" = PICK-ARGS-FROM-ARGV
  then
    pick_args=1
    shift
  fi

  for arg
  do
    case "$arg" in
      --force) force=1 ;;
      --basedir=*) basedir=`parse_arg "$arg"` ;;
      --builddir=*) builddir=`parse_arg "$arg"` ;;
      --srcdir=*)  srcdir=`parse_arg "$arg"` ;;
      --ldata=*|--datadir=*) ldata=`parse_arg "$arg"` ;;
      --user=*)
        # Note that the user will be passed to mysqld so that it runs
        # as 'user' (crucial e.g. if log-bin=/some_other_path/
        # where a chown of datadir won't help)
        user=`parse_arg "$arg"` ;;
      --skip-name-resolve) ip_only=1 ;;
      --verbose) verbose=1 ;; # Obsolete
      --rpm) in_rpm=1 ;;
      --help) usage ;;
      --no-defaults|--defaults-file=*|--defaults-extra-file=*)
        defaults="$arg" ;;

      --cross-bootstrap|--windows)
        # Used when building the MySQL system tables on a different host than
        # the target. The platform-independent files that are created in
        # --datadir on the host can be copied to the target system.
        #
        # The most common use for this feature is in the Windows installer
        # which will take the files from datadir and include them as part of
        # the install package.  See top-level 'dist-hook' make target.
        #
        # --windows is a deprecated alias
        cross_bootstrap=1 ;;

      *)
        if test -n "$pick_args"
        then
          # This sed command makes sure that any special chars are quoted,
          # so the arg gets passed exactly to the server.
          # XXX: This is broken; true fix requires using eval and proper
          # quoting of every single arg ($basedir, $ldata, etc.)
          #args="$args "`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's,\([^a-zA-Z0-9_.-]\),\\\\\1,g'`
          args="$args $arg"
        fi
        ;;
    esac
  done
}

# Try to find a specific file within --basedir which can either be a binary
# release or installed source directory and return the path.
#find_in_basedir()用来在$basedir下的指定的一个或多个目录中查找指定的文件，如果第一个参数是--dir则返回文件所在目录，如果第一个参数
#不是--dir则返回文件的绝对路径
find_in_basedir()
{
  case "$1" in
    --dir)
      return_dir=1; shift
      ;;
  esac

  file=$1; shift

  for dir in "$@"
  do
    if test -f "$basedir/$dir/$file"
    then
      if test -n "$return_dir"
      then
        echo "$basedir/$dir"
      else
        echo "$basedir/$dir/$file"
      fi
      break
    fi
  done
}
#cannot_find_file()函数用来显示找不到的文件，第一个参数是找不到的文件，后面的几个参数是查找过的目录。
cannot_find_file()
{
  echo
  echo "FATAL ERROR: Could not find $1"

  shift
  if test $# -ne 0
  then
    echo
    echo "The following directories were searched:"
    echo
    for dir in "$@"
    do
      echo "    $dir"
    done
  fi

  echo
  echo "If you compiled from source, you need to run 'make install' to"
  echo "copy the software into the correct location ready for operation."
  echo
  echo "If you are using a binary release, you must either be at the top"
  echo "level of the extracted archive, or pass the --basedir option"
  echo "pointing to that location."
  echo
}

# Ok, let's go.  We first need to parse arguments which are required by
# my_print_defaults so that we can execute it first, then later re-parse
# the command line to add any extra bits that we need.
parse_arguments PICK-ARGS-FROM-ARGV "$@"

#
# We can now find my_print_defaults.  This script supports:
#
#   --srcdir=path pointing to compiled source tree
#   --basedir=path pointing to installed binary location
#
# or default to compiled-in locations.
#如果$srcdir和$basedir都非空，则会报错，提示只能有一个非空。
#
if test -n "$srcdir" && test -n "$basedir"
then
  echo "ERROR: Specify either --basedir or --srcdir, not both."
  exit 1
fi
#如果$srcdir为非空，或者$basedir为非空，或者都为空，则相应的初始化$print_defaults等变量（先识别$srcdir，如果这个为空，才会使用$basedir）。
if test -n "$srcdir"
then
  if test -z "$builddir"
  then
    builddir="$srcdir"
  fi
  print_defaults="$builddir/extra/my_print_defaults"
elif test -n "$basedir"
then
  print_defaults=`find_in_basedir my_print_defaults bin extra`
  if test -z "$print_defaults"
  then
    cannot_find_file my_print_defaults $basedir/bin $basedir/extra
    exit 1
  fi
else
  print_defaults="./bin/my_print_defaults"
fi
#如果$print_defaults不可置信，则报找不到那个文件
if test ! -x "$print_defaults"
then
  cannot_find_file "$print_defaults"
  exit 1
fi

# Now we can get arguments from the groups [mysqld] and [mysql_install_db]
# in the my.cfg file, then re-run to merge with command line arguments。.
#下面是用my_print_defaults得到/etc/my.cnf中[mysqld]与[mysql_install_db]中的变量，然后用parse_arguments来解析，来为脚本中对应变量赋值。
parse_arguments `$print_defaults $defaults mysqld mysql_install_db`
#下面是解析执行脚本时传入的参数（可见执行脚本时传入的参数值会覆盖之前的参数值）
parse_arguments PICK-ARGS-FROM-ARGV "$@"

# Configure paths to support files
if test -n "$srcdir"
then
  basedir="$builddir"
  bindir="$basedir/client"
  extra_bindir="$basedir/extra"
  mysqld="$basedir/sql/mysqld"
  langdir="$srcdir/sql/share/english"
  pkgdatadir="$srcdir/scripts"
  scriptdir="$srcdir/scripts"
elif test -n "$basedir"
then
  bindir="$basedir/bin"
  extra_bindir="$bindir"
  mysqld=`find_in_basedir mysqld libexec sbin bin`
  if test -z "$mysqld"
  then
    cannot_find_file mysqld $basedir/libexec $basedir/sbin $basedir/bin
    exit 1
  fi
  langdir=`find_in_basedir --dir errmsg.sys share/english share/mysql/english`
  if test -z "$langdir"
  then
    cannot_find_file errmsg.sys $basedir/share/english $basedir/share/mysql/english
    exit 1
  fi
  pkgdatadir=`find_in_basedir --dir fill_help_tables.sql share share/mysql`
  if test -z "$pkgdatadir"
  then
    cannot_find_file fill_help_tables.sql $basedir/share $basedir/share/mysql
    exit 1
  fi
  scriptdir="$basedir/scripts"
else
  basedir="."
  bindir="./bin"
  extra_bindir="$bindir"
  mysqld="./bin/mysqld"
  pkgdatadir="./share"
  scriptdir="./bin"
fi

# Set up paths to SQL scripts required for bootstrap
fill_help_tables="$pkgdatadir/fill_help_tables.sql"
create_system_tables="$pkgdatadir/mysql_system_tables.sql"
fill_system_tables="$pkgdatadir/mysql_system_tables_data.sql"

for f in $fill_help_tables $create_system_tables $fill_system_tables
do
  if test ! -f "$f"
  then
    cannot_find_file "$f"
    exit 1
  fi
done

if test ! -x "$mysqld"
then
  cannot_find_file "$mysqld"
  exit 1
fi

if test -n "$langdir"
then
  if test ! -f "$langdir/errmsg.sys"
  then
    cannot_find_file "$langdir/errmsg.sys"
    exit 1
  fi
  mysqld_opt="--lc-messages-dir=$langdir/.."
fi

# Try to determine the hostname
hostname=`hostname`

# Check if hostname is valid
if test "$cross_bootstrap" -eq 0 -a "$in_rpm" -eq 0 -a "$force" -eq 0
then
  resolved=`$extra_bindir/resolveip $hostname 2>&1`
  if test $? -ne 0
  then
    resolved=`$extra_bindir/resolveip localhost 2>&1`
    if test $? -ne 0
    then
      echo "Neither host '$hostname' nor 'localhost' could be looked up with"
      echo "$extra_bindir/resolveip"
      echo "Please configure the 'hostname' command to return a correct"
      echo "hostname."
      echo "If you want to solve this at a later stage, restart this script"
      echo "with the --force option"
      exit 1
    fi
    echo "WARNING: The host '$hostname' could not be looked up with resolveip."
    echo "This probably means that your libc libraries are not 100 % compatible"
    echo "with this binary MySQL version. The MySQL daemon, mysqld, should work"
    echo "normally with the exception that host name resolving will not work."
    echo "This means that you should use IP addresses instead of hostnames"
    echo "when specifying MySQL privileges !"
  fi
fi

if test "$ip_only" -eq 1
then
  hostname=`echo "$resolved" | awk '/ /{print $6}'`
fi

# Create database directories
for dir in $ldata $ldata/mysql $ldata/test
do
  if test ! -d $dir
  then
    mkdir -p $dir
    chmod 700 $dir
  fi
  if test -n "$user"
  then
    chown $user $dir
    if test $? -ne 0
    then
      echo "Cannot change ownership of the database directories to the '$user'"
      echo "user.  Check that you have the necessary permissions and try again."
      exit 1
    fi
  fi
done

if test -n "$user"
then
  args="$args --user=$user"
fi

# When doing a "cross bootstrap" install, no reference to the current
# host should be added to the system tables.  So we filter out any
# lines which contain the current host name.
if test $cross_bootstrap -eq 1
then
  filter_cmd_line="sed -e '/@current_hostname/d'"
else
  filter_cmd_line="cat"
fi

# Configure mysqld command line
mysqld_bootstrap="${MYSQLD_BOOTSTRAP-$mysqld}" #这里是将$mysqld变量的值给了$mysqld_bootstrap(注:$(xxxx-$mysqld)与$mysqld是一样的)
mysqld_install_cmd_line="$mysqld_bootstrap $defaults $mysqld_opt --bootstrap \
  --basedir=$basedir --datadir=$ldata --log-warnings=0 --loose-skip-innodb \
  --loose-skip-ndbcluster $args --max_allowed_packet=8M \
  --default-storage-engine=myisam \
  --net_buffer_length=16K"

# Create the system and help tables by passing them to "mysqld --bootstrap"
s_echo "Installing MySQL system tables..."
#下面if条件语句是安装数据库，他将$create_system_tables和$fill_system_tables两个角门对于的sql刷新到数据库mysql库中。
#如果执行成功会报OK，否则会报错
if { echo "use mysql;"; cat $create_system_tables $fill_system_tables; } | eval "$filter_cmd_line" | $mysqld_install_cmd_line > /dev/null
then
  s_echo "OK"
else
  echo
  echo "Installation of system tables failed!  Examine the logs in"
  echo "$ldata for more information."
  echo
  echo "You can try to start the mysqld daemon with:"
  echo
  echo "    shell> $mysqld --skip-grant &"
  echo
  echo "and use the command line tool $bindir/mysql"
  echo "to connect to the mysql database and look at the grant tables:"
  echo
  echo "    shell> $bindir/mysql -u root mysql"
  echo "    mysql> show tables"
  echo
  echo "Try 'mysqld --help' if you have problems with paths.  Using --log"
  echo "gives you a log in $ldata that may be helpful."
  echo
  echo "Please consult the MySQL manual section"
  echo "'Problems running mysql_install_db', and the manual section that"
  echo "describes problems on your OS.  Another information source are the"
  echo "MySQL email archives available at http://lists.mysql.com/."
  echo
  echo "Please check all of the above before mailing us!  And remember, if"
  echo "you do mail us, you MUST use the $scriptdir/mysqlbug script!"
  echo
  exit 1
fi
#在这里已经是安装完数据库了，这里只是将$fill_help_tables（帮助信息） 脚本刷新到数据库
s_echo "Filling help tables..."
if { echo "use mysql;"; cat $fill_help_tables; } | $mysqld_install_cmd_line > /dev/null
then
  s_echo "OK"
else
  echo
  echo "WARNING: HELP FILES ARE NOT COMPLETELY INSTALLED!"
  echo "The \"HELP\" command might not work properly."
fi

# Don't output verbose information if running inside bootstrap or using
# --srcdir for testing.  In such cases, there's no end user looking at
# the screen.
#如果是非--cross-bootstrap并且是非源码安装，则会提示修改root密码等方法
if test "$cross_bootstrap" -eq 0 && test -z "$srcdir"
then
  s_echo
  s_echo "To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy"
  s_echo "support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system"

  echo
  echo "PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !"
  echo "To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:"
  echo
  echo "$bindir/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'"
  echo "$bindir/mysqladmin -u root -h $hostname password 'new-password'"
  echo
  echo "Alternatively you can run:"
  echo "$bindir/mysql_secure_installation"
  echo
  echo "which will also give you the option of removing the test"
  echo "databases and anonymous user created by default.  This is"
  echo "strongly recommended for production servers."
  echo
  echo "See the manual for more instructions."
  #如果是非rpm包安装会提示启动数据库方法
  if test "$in_rpm" -eq 0
  then
    echo
    echo "You can start the MySQL daemon with:"
    echo "cd $basedir ; $bindir/mysqld_safe &"
    echo
    echo "You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl"
    echo "cd $basedir/mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl"
  fi

  echo
  echo "Please report any problems with the $scriptdir/mysqlbug script!"
  echo
fi

exit