<span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei;"><span style="font-size:14px;">全文搜索引擎会用某种算法对要建索引的文档进行分析, 从文档中提取出若干Token(词元), 这些算法称为Tokenizer(分词器);这些Token会被进一步处理, 比如转成小写等, 这些处理算法被称为Token Filter(词元处理器), 被处理后的结果被称为Term(词), 文档中包含了几个这样的Term被称为Frequency(词频)。 引擎会建立Term和原文档的Inverted Index(倒排索引), 这样就能根据Term很快到找到源文档了。 文本被Tokenizer处理前可能要做一些预处理, 比如去掉里面的HTML标记, 这些处理的算法被称为Character Filter(字符过滤器), 这整个的分析算法被称为Analyzer(分析器)。 ES内置了很多Analyzer, 还有很多第三方的Analyzer插件, 比如一些处理中文的Analyzer(中文分词)。 analyzer、 tokenizer、 filter可以在elasticsearch.yml 配置, 下面是配置例子 index : analysis : <span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"> analyzer :</span> <span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"> standard : type : standard</span> stopwords : [stop1, stop2] myAnalyzer1 : type : standard stopwords : [stop1, stop2, stop3] max_token_length : 500 # configure a custom analyzer which is # exactly like the default standard analyzer myAnalyzer2 : tokenizer : standard filter : [standard, lowercase, stop] <span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"> tokenizer : myTokenizer1 : type : standard</span> max_token_length : 900 myTokenizer2 : type : keyword buffer_size : 512 <span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"> filter : myTokenFilter1 : type : stop</span> stopwords : [stop1, stop2, stop3, stop4] myTokenFilter2 : type : length min : 0 max : 2000 analyzer:ES内置若干analyzer, 另外还可以用内置的character filter, tokenizer, token filter组装一个analyzer(custom analyzer), 比如 index : analysis : analyzer : myAnalyzer : tokenizer : standard filter : [standard, lowercase, stop] 如果你要使用第三方的analyzer插件,需要先在配置文件elasticsearch.yml中注册, 下面是配置IkAnalyzer的例子 index: analysis: analyzer: ik: alias: [ik_analyzer] type: org.elasticsearch.index.analysis.IkAnalyzerProvider 当一个analyzer在配置文件中被注册到一个名字(logical name)下后,在mapping定义或者一些API里就可以用这个名字来引用该analyzer了,比如 "message": { "type": "string", "indexAnalyzer": "ik", "searchAnalyzer": "ik" } 如果没有指定索引和搜索用的analyzer,ES会用默认的analyzer来处理,也就是名字(logical name)为`default`, `default_index`, `default_search`的analyzer。 <strong><span style="color:#ff6600;">从名字可以看出来,`default`是索引和搜索时用的默认的analyzer,`default_index`是索引时用的默认的analyzer, `default_search`是查询时用的默认analyzer。</span></strong> 下面是在elasticsearch.yml中配置默认analyzer的例子 index: analysis: analyzer: <span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);">default_index:</span> tokenizer: standard filter: [standard, lowercase, my_synonym, my_snow] <span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);">default_search:</span> tokenizer: standard filter: [standard, lowercase, stop] <strong><span style="color:#ff6600;">ES内置的一些analyzer。</span></strong> | analyzer | logical name | description | | ----------------------|:-------------:| :-----------------------------------------| | standard analyzer | standard | standard tokenizer, standard filter, lower case filter, stop filter | | simple analyzer | simple | lower case tokenizer | | stop analyzer | stop | lower case tokenizer, stop filter | | keyword analyzer | keyword | 不分词,内容整体作为一个token(not_analyzed) | | pattern analyzer | whitespace | 正则表达式分词,默认匹配\W+ | | language analyzers | [lang](http://www.elasticsearch.org/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/analysis-lang-analyzer.html) | 各种语言 | | snowball analyzer | snowball | standard tokenizer, standard filter, lower case filter, stop filter, snowball filter | | custom analyzer | custom | 一个Tokenizer, 零个或多个Token Filter, 零个或多个Char Filter | <strong><span style="color:#ff6600;">tokenizer:ES内置的tokenizer列表。</span></strong> | tokenizer | logical name | description | | ----------------------|:-------------:| :-------------------------------------| | standard tokenizer | standard | | | edge ngram tokenizer | edgeNGram | | | keyword tokenizer | keyword | 不分词 | | letter analyzer | letter | 按单词分 | | lowercase analyzer | lowercase | letter tokenizer, lower case filter | | ngram analyzers | nGram | | | whitespace analyzer | whitespace | 以空格为分隔符拆分 | | pattern analyzer | pattern | 定义分隔符的正则表达式 | | uax email url analyzer| uax_url_email | 不拆分url和email | | path hierarchy analyzer| path_hierarchy| 处理类似`/path/to/somthing`样式的字符串| <strong><span style="color:#ff6600;">token filter:ES内置的token filter列表。</span></strong> | token filter | logical name | description | | ----------------------|:-------------:| :-------------------------------------| | standard filter | standard | | | ascii folding filter | asciifolding | | | length filter | length | 去掉太长或者太短的 | | lowercase filter | lowercase | 转成小写 | | ngram filter | nGram | | | edge ngram filter | edgeNGram | | | porter stem filter | porterStem | 波特词干算法 | | shingle filter | shingle | 定义分隔符的正则表达式 | | stop filter | stop | 移除 stop words | | word delimiter filter | word_delimiter| 将一个单词再拆成子分词 | | stemmer token filter | stemmer | | | stemmer override filter| stemmer_override| | | keyword marker filter | keyword_marker| | | keyword repeat filter | keyword_repeat| | | kstem filter | kstem | | | snowball filter | snowball | | | phonetic filter | phonetic | [插件](https://github.com/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-analysis-phonetic) | | synonym filter | synonyms | 处理同义词 | | compound word filter | dictionary_decompounder, hyphenation_decompounder | 分解复合词 | | reverse filter | reverse | 反转字符串 | | elision filter | elision | 去掉缩略语 | | truncate filter | truncate | 截断字符串 | | unique filter | unique | | | pattern capture filter| pattern_capture| | | pattern replace filte | pattern_replace| 用正则表达式替换 | | trim filter | trim | 去掉空格 | | limit token count filter| limit | 限制token数量 | | hunspell filter | hunspell | 拼写检查 | | common grams filter | common_grams | | | normalization filter | arabic_normalization, persian_normalization | | <strong><span style="color:#ff6600;">character filter:ES内置的character filter列表</span></strong> | character filter | logical name | description | | --------------------------|:-------------:| :-------------------------| | mapping char filter | mapping | 根据配置的映射关系替换字符 | | html strip char filter | html_strip | 去掉HTML元素 | | pattern replace char filter| pattern_replace| 用正则表达式处理字符串 |</span></span>
Elasticsearch - 自定义分析器
最新推荐文章于 2024-03-09 21:14:06 发布