python数据分析——pyecharts柱状图全解

一、pyecharts简介

pyecharts主要基于Web浏览器进行显示，绘制的图形比较多，包括折线图、柱状图、饼图、漏斗图
地图和极坐标图等。使用pyecharts绘图代码量很少，但绘制的图形比较美观。

pyecharts 分为 v0.5.X 和 v1 两个大版本，v0.5.X 和 v1 间不兼容，v1 是一个全新的版本
v0.5.X支持 Python2.7，3.4+，经开发团队决定，0.5.x 版本将不再进行维护，0.5.x 版本代码位于 05x 分支
v1仅支持 Python3.6+，新版本系列将从 v1.0.0 开始。
本文所讲主要基于 pyecharts 1.7.1 版本进行展示
安装命令为：
pip install pyecharts==1.7.1

二、pyecharts柱状图/条形图全解

1.基本柱状图/条形图

from pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Bar
l1=['星期一','星期二','星期三','星期四','星期五','星期七','星期日']
l2=[100,200,300,400,500,400,300]
bar = (
    Bar()
    .add_xaxis(l1)
    .add_yaxis("基本柱状图", l2)
    .set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="Bar-基本示例", subtitle="我是副标题"))
)
bar.render_notebook()

参数介绍：
add_xaxis:添加横坐标，需传入列表
add_yaxis:添加纵坐标，需传入列表，切列表元素为数值

2.添加坐标轴名称

from pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Bar
l1=['星期一','星期二','星期三','星期四','星期五','星期七','星期日']
l2=[100,200,300,400,500,400,300]
bar = (
    Bar()
    .add_xaxis(l1)
    .add_yaxis("基本柱状图", l2)
    .set_global_opts(
        title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="Bar-基本示例"),
        yaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(name="人流量"),
        xaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(name="星期"),)
)
bar.render_notebook()

3.多个纵坐标的柱状图/条形图

from pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Bar
l1=['星期一','星期二','星期三','星期四','星期五','星期七','星期日']
l2=[100,200,300,400,500,400,300]
l3=[300,400,500,400,300,200,100]
bar = (
    Bar()
    .add_xaxis(l1)
    .add_yaxis("l2", l2)
    .add_yaxis("l3", l3)
    .set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="Bar-基本示例", subtitle="我是副标题"),
                    toolbox_opts=opts.BrushOpts(),)
)
bar.render_notebook()

opts.BrushOpts()为圈选工具，如图形右上角所示

4.设置柱状图间隔和颜色

from pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Bar
l1=['星期一','星期二','星期三','星期四','星期五','星期七','星期日']
l2=[100,200,300,400,500,400,300]
bar = (
    Bar()
    .add_xaxis(l1)
    .add_yaxis("l2",l2,category_gap=0, color='#FFFF00')
    .set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="Bar-基本示例", subtitle="我是副标题"))
)
bar.render_notebook()

category_gap:设置间隔
color：设置柱状图颜色

5.横向柱状图

from pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Bar
l1=['星期一','星期二','星期三','星期四','星期五','星期七','星期日']
l2=[100,200,300,400,500,400,300]
l3=[300,400,500,400,300,200,100]
bar = (
    Bar()
    .add_xaxis(l1)
    .add_yaxis("l2", l2)
    .add_yaxis("l3", l3)
    .reversal_axis()
    .set_series_opts(label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(position="right"))
    .set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="横向柱状图"))
)
bar.render_notebook()

reversal_axis将图形反转
position="right"表示将数值在图形右侧显示
同理left、center分别表示左侧和中间

6.显示最大值、最小值和平均值

a.标记线

from pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Bar
import random
l1=['星期一','星期二','星期三','星期四','星期五','星期七','星期日']
l2=[100,200,300,400,500,400,300]
bar = (
    Bar()
    .add_xaxis(l1)
    .add_yaxis("l2", l2)
    .set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="标记线柱状图"))
    .set_series_opts(
        label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(is_show=False),
        markline_opts=opts.MarkLineOpts(
            data=[
                opts.MarkLineItem(type_="min", name="最小值"),
                opts.MarkLineItem(type_="max", name="最大值"),
                opts.MarkLineItem(type_="average", name="平均值"),
            ]
        ),
    )
)
bar.render_notebook()

b.标记点

from pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Bar
import random
l1=['星期一','星期二','星期三','星期四','星期五','星期七','星期日']
l2=[100,200,300,400,500,400,300]
bar = (
    Bar()
    .add_xaxis(l1)
    .add_yaxis("l2", l2)
    .set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="标记线柱状图"))
    .set_series_opts(
        label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(is_show=False),
        markpoint_opts=opts.MarkPointOpts(
            data=[
                opts.MarkPointItem(type_="min", name="最小值"),
                opts.MarkPointItem(type_="max", name="最大值"),
                opts.MarkPointItem(type_="average", name="平均值"),
            ]
        ),
    )
)
bar.render_notebook()

7.旋转x轴坐标

from pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Bar
import random
l1=['很长很长很长很长很长的坐标轴{}'.format(i) for i in range(10)]
l2=[random.choice(range(10,100,10)) for i in range(10)]
bar = (
    Bar()
    .add_xaxis(l1)
    .add_yaxis("l2", l2)
    .set_global_opts(xaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(axislabel_opts=opts.LabelOpts(rotate=-15)),
                     title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="Bar-旋转X轴标签", subtitle="解决标签名字过长的问题"))
)
bar.render_notebook()

8.横坐标缩放

a.整体缩放（type_=“inside”）

from pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Bar
import random
l1=['{}日'.format(i) for i in range(1,31)]
l2=[random.choice(range(100,3100,100)) for i in range(1,31)]
bar = (
    Bar()
    .add_xaxis(l1)
    .add_yaxis("l2", l2)
    .set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="区域缩放柱状图"),
                     datazoom_opts=opts.DataZoomOpts(type_="inside"))
)
bar.render_notebook()

b.左右滑动缩放

from pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Bar
import random
l1=['{}日'.format(i) for i in range(1,31)]
l2=[random.choice(range(100,3100,100)) for i in range(1,31)]
bar = (
    Bar()
    .add_xaxis(l1)
    .add_yaxis("l2", l2)
    .set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="区域缩放柱状图"),
                     datazoom_opts=opts.DataZoomOpts(type_="slider"))
)
bar.render_notebook()