shell学习2-循环

for循环

for var in list
do
   commands
done

for命令会遍历/home/rich/test/*匹配的结果。脚本用test命令测试了每个匹配条目（使用方括号方法），测试其是目录（通过-d）还是文件（通过-f）

$ cat test6
#!/bin/bash
# iterate through all the files in a directory

for file in /home/rich/test/*
do

   if [ -d "$file" ]
   then
      echo "$file is a directory"
   elif [ -f "$file" ]
   then
      echo "$file is a file"
   fi
done

while循环

格式

while test command
do
 other commands
done

$ cat test10
#!/bin/bash
# while command test

var1=10
while [ $var1 -gt 0 ]
do
   echo $var1
   var1=$[ $var1 - 1 ]
done
$ ./test10
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
$

until循环

与while命令工作的方式完全相反，格式

until test commands
do
   other commands
done

嵌套循环

break命令-退出循环

$ cat test17
#!/bin/bash
# breaking out of a for loop

for var1 in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
do
   if [ $var1 -eq 5 ]
   then
      break
   fi
   echo "Iteration number: $var1"
done
echo "The for loop is completed"
$ ./test17
Iteration number: 1
Iteration number: 2
Iteration number: 3
Iteration number: 4
The for loop is completed
$

 结束外层循环

break n

continue命令

continue命令可以提前中止某次循环，但不会结束整个循环

$ cat test21
#!/bin/bash
# using the continue command

for (( var1 = 1; var1 < 15; var1++ ))
do
   if [ $var1 -gt 5 ] && [ $var1 -lt 10 ]
   then
      continue
   fi
   echo "Iteration number: $var1"
done
$ ./test21
Iteration number: 1
Iteration number: 2
Iteration number: 3
Iteration number: 4
Iteration number: 5
Iteration number: 10
Iteration number: 11
Iteration number: 12
Iteration number: 13
Iteration number: 14
$