shell-函数学习

创建函数

function name {
    commands
}

$ cat test2
#!/bin/bash
# using a function located in the middle of a script

count=1
echo "This line comes before the function definition"

function func1 {
   echo "This is an example of a function"
}

while [ $count -le 5 ]
do
   func1
   count=$[ $count + 1 ]
done
echo "This is the end of the loop"
func2
echo "Now this is the end of the script"

function func2 {
   echo "This is an example of a function"
}
$
$ ./test2
This line comes before the function definition
This is an example of a function
This is an example of a function
This is an example of a function
This is an example of a function
This is an example of a function
This is the end of the loop
./test2: func2: command not found
Now this is the end of the script
$

函数输出

$ cat test5b
#!/bin/bash
# using the echo to return a value

function dbl {
   read -p "Enter a value: " value
   echo $[ $value * 2 ]
}
result=$(dbl)
echo "The new value is $result"
$
$ ./test5b
Enter a value: 200
The new value is 400
$
$ ./test5b
Enter a value: 1000
The new value is 2000
$

向函数传递参数

#!/bin/bash
function add {
   if [ $# -eq 0 ] || [ $# -gt 2 ] 
   then
     echo -1
   elif [ $# -eq 1 ]
   then
     echo $[ $1 + $1 ]
   else
     echo $[ $1 + $2 ]
   fi
 }
echo -n "10+15="
value=$(add 10 15)
echo $value
echo -n "just one number："
value=$(add 10)
echo $value
echo -n "no number："
value=$(add)
echo $value
echo -n "three number:"
value=$(add 10 15 20)
echo $value

输出
./test14
10+15=25
just one number：20
no number：-1
three number:-1

要在函数中使用脚本的命令行参数，必须在调用函数时手动将其传入

cat test15
#!/bin/bash

function func2 {
   echo $[ $1 + $2 ]
}

if [ $# -eq 2 ]
then
  value=$( func2 12 13)
  echo "$1+$2=$value"
else
  echo "Please input two value"
fi

输出：
./test15 12 13
12+13=25
./test15
Please input two value

变量

全局变量

在默认情况下，在脚本中定义的任何变量都是全局变量

局部变量

无须在函数中使用全局变量，任何在函数内部使用的变量都可以被声明为局部变量。为此，只需在变量声明之前加上local关键字即可：

#!/bin/bash

function func1 {
   local temp=$[ $value + 5 ]
   result=$[ $temp * 2 ]
   value=$[ $value * 2 ] 
}

temp=4
value=6
echo "temp=$temp"
echo "value=$value"
func1
echo "local局部变量temp:"$temp    #局部变量
echo "全局变量value:"$value  #全局变量

输出：
./test16
temp=4
value=6
local局部变量temp:4
全局变量value:12

递归-阶乘函数

cat test17
#!/bin/bash
#递归
function factorial {
  if [ $1 -eq 1 ]
  then
    echo 1
  else
     local temp=$[ $1 - 1 ]
     local result=$(factorial $temp)
     echo $[ $result * $1 ]
   fi
}
read -p "请输入值：" value
result=$(factorial $value)
echo "数据$value的阶乘是：$result"

输出：
./test17
请输入值：3
数据3的阶乘是：6