Spring AOP通过动态代理实现的, 分为JDK代理和CGLib代理. 目标对象在被代理后, 可以为目标对象执行前后进行增强, AOP事务的原理就是这样, 在方法执行前开启事务, 在执行后提交或回滚事务
1.创建接口
public interface UserService {
// 模拟操作
boolean getById(String id);
}
2.创建实现类
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
// 实现接口方法, 并返回结果
public boolean getById(String id) {
System.out.println("用户" + id + "被查询了");
return true;
}
}
3.生成JDK代理对象
public class JdkProxyTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException {
// 创建目标对象
UserService target = new UserServiceImpl();
// 利用Proxy类工具创建代理对象
UserService service = (UserService) Proxy.newProxyInstance(
target.getClass().getClassLoader(), // 代理谁就用谁的类加载器
target.getClass().getInterfaces(), // 目标类实现的接口
new MyInvocationHandler(target)); // 目标对象
// 此处执行的是代理对象的方法, 并打印结果
System.out.println(service.getById("1"));
}
}
// 实现InvocationHandler接口, 在invoke方法前后对目标对象方法进行增强
class MyInvocationHandler implements InvocationHandler {
// 被代理对象, 也叫目标对象
private Object target;
public MyInvocationHandler(Object target) {
this.target = target;
}
/**
* @param proxy 代理对象
* @param method 目标对象的方法
* @param args 方法参数
*/
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
System.out.println("开始执行方法"); // 在方法执行前增强
// 利用反射调用目标对象方法, 此处必须用目标对象, 如果使用代理对象会出现死循环
Object obj = method.invoke(target, args);
System.out.println("方法执行结束"); // 方法执行后增强
return obj; // 返回结果
}
}
4.生成JDK代理字节码
public class JdkProxyTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException {
// 生成动态代理class文件, UserServiceProxy:类名, UserService:实现的接口
byte[] bytes = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass("UserServiceProxy", new Class[]{UserService.class});
// 将字节数组输出到磁盘文件中
try (FileOutputStream os = new FileOutputStream("D://UserServiceProxy.class")) {
os.write(bytes);
os.flush();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
5.查看JDK代理字节码
可将生成的UserServiceProxy.class文件放入idea项目中的target目录下, 直接打开, idea自行反编译
import com.springstudy.proxy.UserService;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
import java.lang.reflect.UndeclaredThrowableException;
// 此处继承了Proxy, 实现了目标类的接口
// 类和方法使用final修饰, 类不可继承, 方法不可重写
// 由于此处使用的继承, 所以java动态代理只能实现目标对象类接口方式代理(Java单继承)
public final class UserServiceProxy extends Proxy implements UserService {
// 定义一组方法, 后边会赋值
private static Method m1;
private static Method m2;
private static Method m3;
private static Method m0;
// 构造方法
public UserServiceProxy(InvocationHandler var1) throws {
// 向父类Proxy中的h参数赋值
super(var1);
}
public final boolean equals(Object var1) throws {
try {
return ((Boolean)super.h.invoke(this, m1, new Object[]{var1})).booleanValue();
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var3) {
throw var3;
} catch (Throwable var4) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var4);
}
}
public final String toString() throws {
try {
return (String)super.h.invoke(this, m2, (Object[])null);
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) {
throw var2;
} catch (Throwable var3) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3);
}
}
// 实现接口中的方法
public final boolean getById(String var1) throws {
try {
// 调用父类中的h对象的invoke方法, 即生成代理对象时的MyInvocationHandler类invoke方法
return ((Boolean)super.h.invoke(this, m3, new Object[]{var1})).booleanValue();
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var3) {
throw var3;
} catch (Throwable var4) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var4);
}
}
public final int hashCode() throws {
try {
return ((Integer)super.h.invoke(this, m0, (Object[])null)).intValue();
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) {
throw var2;
} catch (Throwable var3) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3);
}
}
static {
try {
// 反射获取方法对象
m1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("equals", new Class[]{Class.forName("java.lang.Object")});
m2 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("toString", new Class[0]);
m3 = Class.forName("com.springstudy.proxy.UserService").getMethod("getById", new Class[]{Class.forName("java.lang.String")});
m0 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("hashCode", new Class[0]);
} catch (NoSuchMethodException var2) {
throw new NoSuchMethodError(var2.getMessage());
} catch (ClassNotFoundException var3) {
throw new NoClassDefFoundError(var3.getMessage());
}
}
}
6.引入CGLib包
<dependency>
<groupId>cglib</groupId>
<artifactId>cglib</artifactId>
<version>3.3.0</version>
</dependency>
7.创建CGLib代理对象
public class CGLibProxyTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Enhancer enhancer = new Enhancer();
// 代理对象的父类, 为目标对象
enhancer.setSuperclass(UserServiceImpl.class);
// 设置回调对象
enhancer.setCallback(new MyMethodInterceptor());
// 创建代理对象
UserService service = (UserService) enhancer.create();
System.out.println(service.getById("1"));
}
// 可使用此命令将对应PID使用的类生成字节码文件
// java -classpath "D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\lib\sa-jdi.jar" sun.jvm.hotspot.HSDB
}
class MyMethodInterceptor implements MethodInterceptor {
/**
* @param obj 代理对象
* @param method 目标类方法
* @param args 方法参数
* @param proxy 代理类方法
*/
public Object intercept(
Object obj,
Method method,
Object[] args,
MethodProxy proxy) throws Throwable {
System.out.println("方法开始执行");
Object res = proxy.invokeSuper(obj, args);
System.out.println("方法执行完成");
return res;
}
}
8.查看CGLib字节码
package com.springstudy.proxy;
import com.springstudy.proxy.UserServiceImpl;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import net.sf.cglib.core.ReflectUtils;
import net.sf.cglib.core.Signature;
import net.sf.cglib.proxy.Callback;
import net.sf.cglib.proxy.Factory;
import net.sf.cglib.proxy.MethodInterceptor;
import net.sf.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy;
// 继承目标类, 并且实现了指定接口
// 通过asm技术, 基于父类操作字节码生成
// 目标类不能是final修饰, 因为代理类需要继承它
public class UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$22516a7d extends UserServiceImpl implements Factory {
private boolean CGLIB$BOUND;
public static Object CGLIB$FACTORY_DATA;
private static final ThreadLocal CGLIB$THREAD_CALLBACKS;
private static final Callback[] CGLIB$STATIC_CALLBACKS;
private MethodInterceptor CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
private static Object CGLIB$CALLBACK_FILTER;
private static final Method CGLIB$getById$0$Method;
private static final MethodProxy CGLIB$getById$0$Proxy;
private static final Object[] CGLIB$emptyArgs;
private static final Method CGLIB$equals$1$Method;
private static final MethodProxy CGLIB$equals$1$Proxy;
private static final Method CGLIB$toString$2$Method;
private static final MethodProxy CGLIB$toString$2$Proxy;
private static final Method CGLIB$hashCode$3$Method;
private static final MethodProxy CGLIB$hashCode$3$Proxy;
private static final Method CGLIB$clone$4$Method;
private static final MethodProxy CGLIB$clone$4$Proxy;
public UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$22516a7d() {
CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
}
static {
CGLIB$STATICHOOK1();
}
public final boolean equals(Object var1) {
MethodInterceptor var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
if(this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0 == null) {
CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
}
if(var10000 != null) {
Object var2 = var10000.intercept(this, CGLIB$equals$1$Method, new Object[]{var1}, CGLIB$equals$1$Proxy);
return var2 == null?false:((Boolean)var2).booleanValue();
} else {
return super.equals(var1);
}
}
public final String toString() {
MethodInterceptor var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
if(this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0 == null) {
CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
}
return var10000 != null?(String)var10000.intercept(this, CGLIB$toString$2$Method, CGLIB$emptyArgs, CGLIB$toString$2$Proxy):super.toString();
}
public final int hashCode() {
MethodInterceptor var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
if(this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0 == null) {
CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
}
if(var10000 != null) {
Object var1 = var10000.intercept(this, CGLIB$hashCode$3$Method, CGLIB$emptyArgs, CGLIB$hashCode$3$Proxy);
return var1 == null?0:((Number)var1).intValue();
} else {
return super.hashCode();
}
}
protected final Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
MethodInterceptor var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
if(this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0 == null) {
CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
}
return var10000 != null?var10000.intercept(this, CGLIB$clone$4$Method, CGLIB$emptyArgs, CGLIB$clone$4$Proxy):super.clone();
}
public Object newInstance(Class[] var1, Object[] var2, Callback[] var3) {
CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS(var3);
UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$22516a7d var10000 = new UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$22516a7d;
switch(var1.length) {
case 0:
var10000.<init>();
CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS((Callback[])null);
return var10000;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Constructor not found");
}
}
// 创建代理对象
public Object newInstance(Callback var1) {
CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS(new Callback[]{var1});
UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$22516a7d var10000 = new UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$22516a7d();
CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS((Callback[])null);
return var10000;
}
// 将MyMethodInterceptor对象放入到代理对象中
public Object newInstance(Callback[] var1) {
CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS(var1);
UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$22516a7d var10000 = new UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$22516a7d();
CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS((Callback[])null);
return var10000;
}
public void setCallback(int var1, Callback var2) {
switch(var1) {
case 0:
this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0 = (MethodInterceptor)var2;
default:
}
}
// 代理类对应的查询方法, final修饰
public final boolean getById(String var1) {
// MyMethodInterceptor的对象
MethodInterceptor var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
if(this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0 == null) {
CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
}
if(var10000 != null) {
// 执行MyMethodInterceptor的intercept方法, 并将结果返回
Object var2 = var10000.intercept(this, CGLIB$getById$0$Method, new Object[]{var1}, CGLIB$getById$0$Proxy);
return var2 == null?false:((Boolean)var2).booleanValue();
} else {
return super.getById(var1);
}
}
public void setCallbacks(Callback[] var1) {
this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0 = (MethodInterceptor)var1[0];
}
public Callback getCallback(int var1) {
CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
MethodInterceptor var10000;
switch(var1) {
case 0:
var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
break;
default:
var10000 = null;
}
return var10000;
}
public Callback[] getCallbacks() {
CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
return new Callback[]{this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0};
}
public static void CGLIB$SET_STATIC_CALLBACKS(Callback[] var0) {
CGLIB$STATIC_CALLBACKS = var0;
}
public static void CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS(Callback[] var0) {
CGLIB$THREAD_CALLBACKS.set(var0);
}
public static MethodProxy CGLIB$findMethodProxy(Signature var0) {
String var10000 = var0.toString();
switch(var10000.hashCode()) {
case -508378822:
if(var10000.equals("clone()Ljava/lang/Object;")) {
return CGLIB$clone$4$Proxy;
}
break;
case -403379525:
if(var10000.equals("getById(Ljava/lang/String;)Z")) {
return CGLIB$getById$0$Proxy;
}
break;
case 1826985398:
if(var10000.equals("equals(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z")) {
return CGLIB$equals$1$Proxy;
}
break;
case 1913648695:
if(var10000.equals("toString()Ljava/lang/String;")) {
return CGLIB$toString$2$Proxy;
}
break;
case 1984935277:
if(var10000.equals("hashCode()I")) {
return CGLIB$hashCode$3$Proxy;
}
}
return null;
}
static void CGLIB$STATICHOOK1() {
CGLIB$THREAD_CALLBACKS = new ThreadLocal();
CGLIB$emptyArgs = new Object[0];
Class var0 = Class.forName("com.springstudy.proxy.UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$22516a7d");
Class var1;
Method[] var10000 = ReflectUtils.findMethods(new String[]{"equals", "(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z", "toString", "()Ljava/lang/String;", "hashCode", "()I", "clone", "()Ljava/lang/Object;"}, (var1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object")).getDeclaredMethods());
CGLIB$equals$1$Method = var10000[0];
CGLIB$equals$1$Proxy = MethodProxy.create(var1, var0, "(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z", "equals", "CGLIB$equals$1");
CGLIB$toString$2$Method = var10000[1];
CGLIB$toString$2$Proxy = MethodProxy.create(var1, var0, "()Ljava/lang/String;", "toString", "CGLIB$toString$2");
CGLIB$hashCode$3$Method = var10000[2];
CGLIB$hashCode$3$Proxy = MethodProxy.create(var1, var0, "()I", "hashCode", "CGLIB$hashCode$3");
CGLIB$clone$4$Method = var10000[3];
CGLIB$clone$4$Proxy = MethodProxy.create(var1, var0, "()Ljava/lang/Object;", "clone", "CGLIB$clone$4");
CGLIB$getById$0$Method = ReflectUtils.findMethods(new String[]{"getById", "(Ljava/lang/String;)Z"}, (var1 = Class.forName("com.springstudy.proxy.UserServiceImpl")).getDeclaredMethods())[0];
CGLIB$getById$0$Proxy = MethodProxy.create(var1, var0, "(Ljava/lang/String;)Z", "getById", "CGLIB$getById$0");
}
private static final void CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(Object var0) {
UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$22516a7d var1 = (UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$22516a7d)var0;
if(!var1.CGLIB$BOUND) {
var1.CGLIB$BOUND = true;
Object var10000 = CGLIB$THREAD_CALLBACKS.get();
if(var10000 == null) {
var10000 = CGLIB$STATIC_CALLBACKS;
if(CGLIB$STATIC_CALLBACKS == null) {
return;
}
}
var1.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0 = (MethodInterceptor)((Callback[])var10000)[0];
}
}
final Object CGLIB$clone$4() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
return super.clone();
}
final boolean CGLIB$equals$1(Object var1) {
return super.equals(var1);
}
final int CGLIB$hashCode$3() {
return super.hashCode();
}
final boolean CGLIB$getById$0(String var1) {
return super.getById(var1);
}
final String CGLIB$toString$2() {
return super.toString();
}
}
总结
Spring AOP默认使用JDK动态代理, 但是前提为目标类必须实现接口, 使用反射, 如果没有实现接口, 则会使用CGLib代理, 前提为目标类不能被final修饰, 也可以强制使用CGLib代理
这也同样描述了一个问题, 当我们在service层通过调用内部方法使用事务时, 为什么事务不会生效?
class Test implements TestService {
public void a() {
b();
}
@Transactional
public void b() {
}
}
因为使用了JDK代理, 因为没有通过接口, 无法通过AOP代理, 所以不能在方法前后增强
解决办法: 在Service中注入自己
但是如果使用CGLib代理, 为什么事务还是不行?
class Test {
public void a() {
b();
}
@Transactional
public void b() {
}
}
因为CGLib代理重写了父类的非私有方法, 然后直接调用父类对应方法, 但是由于没有修改父类的字节码, 所以, 在父类方法中, 仍然会调用父类自己的添加事务的方法
解决办法: 在方法a中获取当前代理对象p, 执行p.a()可使得事务生效