Spring AOP动态代理(JDK与CGLib)及类内部方法事务不生效原因解析

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Spring AOP通过动态代理实现的, 分为JDK代理和CGLib代理. 目标对象在被代理后, 可以为目标对象执行前后进行增强, AOP事务的原理就是这样, 在方法执行前开启事务, 在执行后提交或回滚事务

1.创建接口

public interface UserService {
	// 模拟操作
    boolean getById(String id);
}

2.创建实现类

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
	// 实现接口方法, 并返回结果
    public boolean getById(String id) {
        System.out.println("用户" + id + "被查询了");
        return true;
    }

}

3.生成JDK代理对象

public class JdkProxyTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException {
    	// 创建目标对象
        UserService target = new UserServiceImpl();
        // 利用Proxy类工具创建代理对象
        UserService service = (UserService) Proxy.newProxyInstance(
                target.getClass().getClassLoader(), // 代理谁就用谁的类加载器
                target.getClass().getInterfaces(), // 目标类实现的接口
                new MyInvocationHandler(target)); // 目标对象
        // 此处执行的是代理对象的方法, 并打印结果
        System.out.println(service.getById("1"));
    }
}

// 实现InvocationHandler接口, 在invoke方法前后对目标对象方法进行增强
class MyInvocationHandler implements InvocationHandler {
	// 被代理对象, 也叫目标对象
    private Object target;

    public MyInvocationHandler(Object target) {
        this.target = target;
    }

	/**
     * @param proxy 代理对象
     * @param method 目标对象的方法
     * @param args 方法参数
     */
    public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
        System.out.println("开始执行方法"); // 在方法执行前增强
        // 利用反射调用目标对象方法, 此处必须用目标对象, 如果使用代理对象会出现死循环
        Object obj = method.invoke(target, args); 
        System.out.println("方法执行结束"); // 方法执行后增强
        return obj; // 返回结果
    }
}

4.生成JDK代理字节码

public class JdkProxyTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException {
        // 生成动态代理class文件, UserServiceProxy:类名, UserService:实现的接口
        byte[] bytes = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass("UserServiceProxy", new Class[]{UserService.class});
        // 将字节数组输出到磁盘文件中
        try (FileOutputStream os = new FileOutputStream("D://UserServiceProxy.class")) {
            os.write(bytes);
            os.flush();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

5.查看JDK代理字节码

可将生成的UserServiceProxy.class文件放入idea项目中的target目录下, 直接打开, idea自行反编译

import com.springstudy.proxy.UserService;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
import java.lang.reflect.UndeclaredThrowableException;

// 此处继承了Proxy, 实现了目标类的接口
// 类和方法使用final修饰, 类不可继承, 方法不可重写
// 由于此处使用的继承, 所以java动态代理只能实现目标对象类接口方式代理(Java单继承)
public final class UserServiceProxy extends Proxy implements UserService {
	// 定义一组方法, 后边会赋值
    private static Method m1;
    private static Method m2;
    private static Method m3;
    private static Method m0;

	// 构造方法
    public UserServiceProxy(InvocationHandler var1) throws  {
    	// 向父类Proxy中的h参数赋值
        super(var1);
    }
	
    public final boolean equals(Object var1) throws  {
        try {
            return ((Boolean)super.h.invoke(this, m1, new Object[]{var1})).booleanValue();
        } catch (RuntimeException | Error var3) {
            throw var3;
        } catch (Throwable var4) {
            throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var4);
        }
    }

    public final String toString() throws  {
        try {
            return (String)super.h.invoke(this, m2, (Object[])null);
        } catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) {
            throw var2;
        } catch (Throwable var3) {
            throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3);
        }
    }

	// 实现接口中的方法
    public final boolean getById(String var1) throws  {
        try {
        	// 调用父类中的h对象的invoke方法, 即生成代理对象时的MyInvocationHandler类invoke方法
            return ((Boolean)super.h.invoke(this, m3, new Object[]{var1})).booleanValue();
        } catch (RuntimeException | Error var3) {
            throw var3;
        } catch (Throwable var4) {
            throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var4);
        }
    }

    public final int hashCode() throws  {
        try {
            return ((Integer)super.h.invoke(this, m0, (Object[])null)).intValue();
        } catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) {
            throw var2;
        } catch (Throwable var3) {
            throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3);
        }
    }

    static {
        try {
        	// 反射获取方法对象
            m1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("equals", new Class[]{Class.forName("java.lang.Object")});
            m2 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("toString", new Class[0]);
            m3 = Class.forName("com.springstudy.proxy.UserService").getMethod("getById", new Class[]{Class.forName("java.lang.String")});
            m0 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("hashCode", new Class[0]);
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException var2) {
            throw new NoSuchMethodError(var2.getMessage());
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException var3) {
            throw new NoClassDefFoundError(var3.getMessage());
        }
    }
}

6.引入CGLib包

<dependency>
    <groupId>cglib</groupId>
    <artifactId>cglib</artifactId>
    <version>3.3.0</version>
</dependency>

7.创建CGLib代理对象

public class CGLibProxyTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Enhancer enhancer = new Enhancer();
        // 代理对象的父类, 为目标对象
        enhancer.setSuperclass(UserServiceImpl.class);
        // 设置回调对象
        enhancer.setCallback(new MyMethodInterceptor());
        // 创建代理对象
        UserService service = (UserService) enhancer.create();
        System.out.println(service.getById("1"));
    }

    // 可使用此命令将对应PID使用的类生成字节码文件
    // java -classpath "D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\lib\sa-jdi.jar" sun.jvm.hotspot.HSDB
}

class MyMethodInterceptor implements MethodInterceptor {
    /**
     * @param obj 代理对象
     * @param method 目标类方法
     * @param args 方法参数
     * @param proxy 代理类方法
     */
    public Object intercept(
            Object obj,
            Method method,
            Object[] args,
            MethodProxy proxy) throws Throwable {
        System.out.println("方法开始执行");
        Object res = proxy.invokeSuper(obj, args);
        System.out.println("方法执行完成");
        return res;
    }
}

8.查看CGLib字节码

package com.springstudy.proxy;

import com.springstudy.proxy.UserServiceImpl;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import net.sf.cglib.core.ReflectUtils;
import net.sf.cglib.core.Signature;
import net.sf.cglib.proxy.Callback;
import net.sf.cglib.proxy.Factory;
import net.sf.cglib.proxy.MethodInterceptor;
import net.sf.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy;

// 继承目标类, 并且实现了指定接口
// 通过asm技术, 基于父类操作字节码生成
// 目标类不能是final修饰, 因为代理类需要继承它
public class UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$22516a7d extends UserServiceImpl implements Factory {

    private boolean CGLIB$BOUND;
    public static Object CGLIB$FACTORY_DATA;
    private static final ThreadLocal CGLIB$THREAD_CALLBACKS;
    private static final Callback[] CGLIB$STATIC_CALLBACKS;
    private MethodInterceptor CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
    private static Object CGLIB$CALLBACK_FILTER;
    private static final Method CGLIB$getById$0$Method;
    private static final MethodProxy CGLIB$getById$0$Proxy;
    private static final Object[] CGLIB$emptyArgs;
    private static final Method CGLIB$equals$1$Method;
    private static final MethodProxy CGLIB$equals$1$Proxy;
    private static final Method CGLIB$toString$2$Method;
    private static final MethodProxy CGLIB$toString$2$Proxy;
    private static final Method CGLIB$hashCode$3$Method;
    private static final MethodProxy CGLIB$hashCode$3$Proxy;
    private static final Method CGLIB$clone$4$Method;
    private static final MethodProxy CGLIB$clone$4$Proxy;


    public UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$22516a7d() {
        CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
    }

    static {
        CGLIB$STATICHOOK1();
    }

    public final boolean equals(Object var1) {
        MethodInterceptor var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
        if(this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0 == null) {
            CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
            var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
        }

        if(var10000 != null) {
            Object var2 = var10000.intercept(this, CGLIB$equals$1$Method, new Object[]{var1}, CGLIB$equals$1$Proxy);
            return var2 == null?false:((Boolean)var2).booleanValue();
        } else {
            return super.equals(var1);
        }
    }

    public final String toString() {
        MethodInterceptor var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
        if(this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0 == null) {
            CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
            var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
        }

        return var10000 != null?(String)var10000.intercept(this, CGLIB$toString$2$Method, CGLIB$emptyArgs, CGLIB$toString$2$Proxy):super.toString();
    }

    public final int hashCode() {
        MethodInterceptor var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
        if(this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0 == null) {
            CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
            var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
        }

        if(var10000 != null) {
            Object var1 = var10000.intercept(this, CGLIB$hashCode$3$Method, CGLIB$emptyArgs, CGLIB$hashCode$3$Proxy);
            return var1 == null?0:((Number)var1).intValue();
        } else {
            return super.hashCode();
        }
    }

    protected final Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        MethodInterceptor var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
        if(this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0 == null) {
            CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
            var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
        }

        return var10000 != null?var10000.intercept(this, CGLIB$clone$4$Method, CGLIB$emptyArgs, CGLIB$clone$4$Proxy):super.clone();
    }

    public Object newInstance(Class[] var1, Object[] var2, Callback[] var3) {
        CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS(var3);
        UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$22516a7d var10000 = new UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$22516a7d;
        switch(var1.length) {
            case 0:
                var10000.<init>();
                CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS((Callback[])null);
                return var10000;
            default:
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Constructor not found");
        }
    }

	// 创建代理对象
    public Object newInstance(Callback var1) {
        CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS(new Callback[]{var1});
        UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$22516a7d var10000 = new UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$22516a7d();
        CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS((Callback[])null);
        return var10000;
    }

	// 将MyMethodInterceptor对象放入到代理对象中
    public Object newInstance(Callback[] var1) {
        CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS(var1);
        UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$22516a7d var10000 = new UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$22516a7d();
        CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS((Callback[])null);
        return var10000;
    }

    public void setCallback(int var1, Callback var2) {
        switch(var1) {
            case 0:
                this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0 = (MethodInterceptor)var2;
            default:
        }
    }

	// 代理类对应的查询方法, final修饰
    public final boolean getById(String var1) {
    	// MyMethodInterceptor的对象
        MethodInterceptor var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
        if(this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0 == null) {
            CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
            var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
        }

        if(var10000 != null) {
        	// 执行MyMethodInterceptor的intercept方法, 并将结果返回
            Object var2 = var10000.intercept(this, CGLIB$getById$0$Method, new Object[]{var1}, CGLIB$getById$0$Proxy);
            return var2 == null?false:((Boolean)var2).booleanValue();
        } else {
            return super.getById(var1);
        }
    }

    public void setCallbacks(Callback[] var1) {
        this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0 = (MethodInterceptor)var1[0];
    }

    public Callback getCallback(int var1) {
        CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
        MethodInterceptor var10000;
        switch(var1) {
            case 0:
                var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
                break;
            default:
                var10000 = null;
        }

        return var10000;
    }

    public Callback[] getCallbacks() {
        CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
        return new Callback[]{this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0};
    }

    public static void CGLIB$SET_STATIC_CALLBACKS(Callback[] var0) {
        CGLIB$STATIC_CALLBACKS = var0;
    }

    public static void CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS(Callback[] var0) {
        CGLIB$THREAD_CALLBACKS.set(var0);
    }

    public static MethodProxy CGLIB$findMethodProxy(Signature var0) {
        String var10000 = var0.toString();
        switch(var10000.hashCode()) {
            case -508378822:
                if(var10000.equals("clone()Ljava/lang/Object;")) {
                    return CGLIB$clone$4$Proxy;
                }
                break;
            case -403379525:
                if(var10000.equals("getById(Ljava/lang/String;)Z")) {
                    return CGLIB$getById$0$Proxy;
                }
                break;
            case 1826985398:
                if(var10000.equals("equals(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z")) {
                    return CGLIB$equals$1$Proxy;
                }
                break;
            case 1913648695:
                if(var10000.equals("toString()Ljava/lang/String;")) {
                    return CGLIB$toString$2$Proxy;
                }
                break;
            case 1984935277:
                if(var10000.equals("hashCode()I")) {
                    return CGLIB$hashCode$3$Proxy;
                }
        }

        return null;
    }

    static void CGLIB$STATICHOOK1() {
        CGLIB$THREAD_CALLBACKS = new ThreadLocal();
        CGLIB$emptyArgs = new Object[0];
        Class var0 = Class.forName("com.springstudy.proxy.UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$22516a7d");
        Class var1;
        Method[] var10000 = ReflectUtils.findMethods(new String[]{"equals", "(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z", "toString", "()Ljava/lang/String;", "hashCode", "()I", "clone", "()Ljava/lang/Object;"}, (var1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object")).getDeclaredMethods());
        CGLIB$equals$1$Method = var10000[0];
        CGLIB$equals$1$Proxy = MethodProxy.create(var1, var0, "(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z", "equals", "CGLIB$equals$1");
        CGLIB$toString$2$Method = var10000[1];
        CGLIB$toString$2$Proxy = MethodProxy.create(var1, var0, "()Ljava/lang/String;", "toString", "CGLIB$toString$2");
        CGLIB$hashCode$3$Method = var10000[2];
        CGLIB$hashCode$3$Proxy = MethodProxy.create(var1, var0, "()I", "hashCode", "CGLIB$hashCode$3");
        CGLIB$clone$4$Method = var10000[3];
        CGLIB$clone$4$Proxy = MethodProxy.create(var1, var0, "()Ljava/lang/Object;", "clone", "CGLIB$clone$4");
        CGLIB$getById$0$Method = ReflectUtils.findMethods(new String[]{"getById", "(Ljava/lang/String;)Z"}, (var1 = Class.forName("com.springstudy.proxy.UserServiceImpl")).getDeclaredMethods())[0];
        CGLIB$getById$0$Proxy = MethodProxy.create(var1, var0, "(Ljava/lang/String;)Z", "getById", "CGLIB$getById$0");
    }

    private static final void CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(Object var0) {
        UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$22516a7d var1 = (UserServiceImpl$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$22516a7d)var0;
        if(!var1.CGLIB$BOUND) {
            var1.CGLIB$BOUND = true;
            Object var10000 = CGLIB$THREAD_CALLBACKS.get();
            if(var10000 == null) {
                var10000 = CGLIB$STATIC_CALLBACKS;
                if(CGLIB$STATIC_CALLBACKS == null) {
                    return;
                }
            }

            var1.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0 = (MethodInterceptor)((Callback[])var10000)[0];
        }

    }

    final Object CGLIB$clone$4() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone();
    }

    final boolean CGLIB$equals$1(Object var1) {
        return super.equals(var1);
    }

    final int CGLIB$hashCode$3() {
        return super.hashCode();
    }

    final boolean CGLIB$getById$0(String var1) {
        return super.getById(var1);
    }

    final String CGLIB$toString$2() {
        return super.toString();
    }
}

总结

Spring AOP默认使用JDK动态代理, 但是前提为目标类必须实现接口, 使用反射, 如果没有实现接口, 则会使用CGLib代理, 前提为目标类不能被final修饰, 也可以强制使用CGLib代理

这也同样描述了一个问题, 当我们在service层通过调用内部方法使用事务时, 为什么事务不会生效?

class Test implements TestService {
    public void a() {
        b();
    }

    @Transactional
    public void b() {

    }
}

因为使用了JDK代理, 因为没有通过接口, 无法通过AOP代理, 所以不能在方法前后增强
解决办法: 在Service中注入自己

但是如果使用CGLib代理, 为什么事务还是不行?

class Test {
    public void a() {
        b();
    }

    @Transactional
    public void b() {

    }
}

因为CGLib代理重写了父类的非私有方法, 然后直接调用父类对应方法, 但是由于没有修改父类的字节码, 所以, 在父类方法中, 仍然会调用父类自己的添加事务的方法

解决办法: 在方法a中获取当前代理对象p, 执行p.a()可使得事务生效

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