整型提升（integer promotion）

最新推荐文章于 2025-03-07 12:21:31 发布

guilanl

最新推荐文章于 2025-03-07 12:21:31 发布

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整型提升在计算中确保小型整数类型被转换为int或unsigned int以避免溢出。通过这种方式，例如在算术操作、一元运算符和位移运算符中，中间值的溢出错误得以避免。在示例中，即使两个signed char相加可能溢出，通过整型提升，它们先被转换为int进行计算，然后结果再截断回原始类型。这种机制保证了表达式的正确评估。

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什么是integer promotion:

Integer Promotions

Integer types smaller than int are promoted when an operation is performed on them. If all values of the original type can be represented as an int, the value of the smaller type is converted to an int; otherwise, it is converted to an unsigned int.

Integer promotions are applied as part of the usual arithmetic conversions (discussed later in this section) to certain argument expressions, operands of the unary +, -, and ~ operators, and operands of the shift operators. The following code fragment illustrates the use of integer promotions:

char c1, c2;
c1 = c1 + c2;

Integer promotions require the promotion value of each variable (c1 and c2) to int size. The two ints are added and the sum truncated to fit into the char type.

Integer promotions are performed to avoid arithmetic errors resulting from the overflow of intermediate values. On line 5 of Figure 5-7, the value of c1 is added to the value of c2.