@property和@synthesize关键字的介绍

本文主要介绍@property和@synthesize关键字的使用，以及两者在Xcode4.4前后的区别。

在Xcode4.4之前，@property不会生成属性，只能生成setter和getter方法的声明。必须配合在.m文件中使用@synthesize才能生成setter和getter方法实现。

1）在 .h文件中使用@property。首先需要在 { } 中定义带下划线的实例变量，然后使用@property来生成set和get方法声明：

<p style="color: rgb(0, 132, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo;"><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #bb2ca2">@interface</span> Person : <span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #703daa">NSObject</span></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 132, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo;">{</p><p style="color: rgb(0, 132, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo;"><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #000000">    </span>//<span style="line-height: normal; font-family: 'PingFang SC';">实例变量</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo;"><span style="color: rgb(112, 61, 170);">    NSString</span><span style="color:#008400;"> </span><span style="color:#333333;">*_name</span><span style="color:#008400;">;</span></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 132, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo;"></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 132, 0); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo;">}</p><p style="color: rgb(187, 44, 162); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo;">@property<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #000000"> </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #703daa">NSString</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #000000"> *name; </span></p><p style="color: rgb(187, 44, 162); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo;"><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #000000">
</span></p><p style="color: rgb(187, 44, 162); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo;"><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #000000"></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; color: rgb(187, 44, 162);">@end</p>

上面的代码相当于：

<pre name="code" class="objc" style="color: rgb(0, 132, 0); font-size: 14px;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo;"></p><pre name="code" class="objc"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo;"><span style="color: rgb(187, 44, 162);">@interface</span> Person : <span style="color: rgb(112, 61, 170);">NSObject</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo;">{</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">    </span>//<span style="line-height: normal; font-family: 'PingFang SC';">实例变量</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo;">    <span style="color: rgb(112, 61, 170);">NSString</span> *_name;</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo;">    <span style="color: rgb(187, 44, 162);">int</span> _weight;</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo;">}</p>

// 相当于声明了setter和getter方法

-(void)setName:(NSString *)name;

-(NSString *)name;

@end

*）这里需要注意的是，@property后面的变量名不要加上下划线 _，否则生成的setter和getter方法名也会带上下划线，比如：

<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; color: rgb(187, 44, 162);">@property<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #000000"> </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #703daa">NSString</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #000000"> *_name;</span></p>

上面的代码相当于：

<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo;">-(<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #bb2ca2">void</span>)set_name:(<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #703daa">NSString</span> *)_name;</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo;">-(<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #703daa">NSString</span> *)_name;</p>

2）在 .m 文件中，使用@synthesize来对setter和getter方法进行实现：

<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; color: rgb(187, 44, 162);">@implementation<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #000000"> Person</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; color: rgb(187, 44, 162);"><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #000000"></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; color: rgb(187, 44, 162);">@synthesize<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #000000"> name = </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #4f8187">_name</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #000000">;</span></p>

@end

Tip：上述代码中，如果在.h文件中没有定义实例变量_name，则系统会在.m文件中自动生成私有变量_name。

上面的代码相当于：

<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo;"><span style="color: rgb(187, 44, 162); font-family: Menlo; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240);">@implementation</span><span style="font-family: Menlo; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre;"> Person</span>
</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo;">-(<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #bb2ca2">void</span>)setName:(<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #703daa">NSString</span> *)name{</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; min-height: 16px;">    </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo;">    <span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #4f8187">_name</span> = name;</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo;">}</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo;">-(<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #703daa">NSString</span> *)name{</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; min-height: 16px;">    </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo;">    <span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #bb2ca2">return</span> <span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #4f8187">_name</span>;</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo;">}</p><span style="color: rgb(187, 44, 162); font-family: Menlo; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240);">@end</span>

*）这里 需要注意 的是，如果@synthesize不指名赋值的变量的话，则会默认以 = 左边的变量进行读取操作：

<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; color: rgb(187, 44, 162);">@synthesize<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #000000"> name</span></p>

Tip：此时.m文件中生成的实例变量为不带下划线的 name

上面的代码相当于：

<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo;">-(<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #bb2ca2">void</span>)setName:(<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #703daa">NSString</span> *)name {</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo;">    <span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #bb2ca2">self</span>.<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #4f8187">name</span> = name;</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo;">}</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo;">-(<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #703daa">NSString</span> *)name {</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo;">    <span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #bb2ca2">return</span> <span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #4f8187">_name</span>;</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo;">}</p>

在Xcode4.4之后，就是我们现在经常用，熟悉不过的@property单独使用的方式了，即不仅会生成属性，也会生成setter和getter方法的声明和实现：

<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; color: rgb(187, 44, 162);"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; color: rgb(187, 44, 162);">@interface<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #000000"> Person : </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #703daa">NSObject</span></p>

@property NSString *name;

@end

上面的代码相当于：.h文件声明了setter和getter方法，.m文件中实现了两个方法：

<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo;"><span style="color: rgb(187, 44, 162); font-family: Menlo; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240);">@interface</span><span style="font-family: Menlo; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre;"> Person : </span><span style="font-family: Menlo; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre; color: rgb(112, 61, 170);">NSObject</span>
</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo;">-(<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #bb2ca2">void</span>)setName:(<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #703daa">NSString</span> *)name;</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo;">-(<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #703daa">NSString</span> *)name;</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo;"><span style="color: rgb(187, 44, 162); font-family: Menlo; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240);">@end</span></p>

<pre name="code" class="objc" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-size:14px; font-family: 'PingFang SC';"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo;"><span style="color: rgb(187, 44, 162);">@implementation</span> Person</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo;">{</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo;">    <span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #703daa">NSString</span> *_name;</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; min-height: 16px;">    </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo;">}</p>

-(void)setName:(NSString *)name{

    _name = name;

}

-(NSString *)name{

    return _name;

}

@end

需要注意的是：如果用@property构造属性后，不能在实现中同时重写setter和getter方法，否则系统将不会自动生成带下划线的属性了。