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<div class="category_r"> <label οnclick="GetCategoryArticles('5941803','Li_Danny','top','49815761');"> <span οnclick="_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','function', 'onclick', 'blog_articles_fenlei']);">Python语言学习<em>（1）</em></span> <img class="arrow-down" src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/arrow_triangle _down.jpg" style="display:inline;"> <img class="arrow-up" src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/arrow_triangle_up.jpg" style="display:none;"> <div class="subItem"> <div class="subItem_t"><a href="http://blog.csdn.net/Li_Danny/article/category/5941803" target="_blank">作者同类文章</a><i class="J_close">X</i></div> <ul class="subItem_l" id="top_5941803"> </ul> </div> </label> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/scripts/category.js"></script> <div class="bog_copyright"> <p class="copyright_p">版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，未经博主允许不得转载。</p> </div> <div style="clear:both"></div><div style="border:solid 1px #ccc; background:#eee; float:left; min-width:200px;padding:4px 10px;"><p style="text-align:right;margin:0;"><span style="float:left;">目录<a href="#" title="系统根据文章中H1到H6标签自动生成文章目录">(?)</a></span><a href="#" οnclick="javascript:return openct(this);" title="展开">[+]</a></p><ol style="display:none;margin-left:14px;padding-left:14px;line-height:160%;"><li><a href="#t0">首先要了解Pythond的对象的概念</a></li><li><a href="#t1">数据类型也是对象</a></li><li><a href="#t2">Python中的None与 NULL即空字符的区别</a></li><li><a href="#t3">总结</a></li></ol></div><div style="clear:both"></div><div id="article_content" class="article_content"> <div class="markdown_views"><h2 id="1首先要了解pythond的对象的概念"><a name="t0"></a>1.首先要了解Pythond的对象的概念：</h2> <p><a href="http://lib.csdn.net/base/python" class="replace_word" title="Python知识库" target="_blank" style="color:#df3434; font-weight:bold;">Python</a>中，万物皆对象，所有的操作都是针对对象的，那什么是对象，5是一个int对象，‘oblong’是一个str对象，异常也是一个对象，抽象一点是，人，猫，够也是一个对象</p> <p>那对于一个对象，它就有包括两方面的特征： <br> 属性：去描述它的特征 <br> 方法： 它所具有的行为 <br> 所以，对象=属性+方法 （其实方法也是一种属性，一种区别于数据属性的可调用属性</p> <p>把具有相同属性和方法的对象就可以归为一类，即Classl。类就好比是一张蓝图，使用一个类可以创建多个对象实例 <br> 即人，猫，狗都属于哺乳动物类</p> <blockquote> <p>类是对象的抽象化，对象是类的实例化。类不代表具体的事物，而对象表示具体的事物</p> </blockquote> <p>类也是有属性和方法的。</p> <h2 id="2数据类型也是对象"><a name="t1"></a>2.数据类型也是对象</h2> <p>实际上Pyhton在面向对象程序设计时，才会有对象这个概念，而在面向过程型程序设计时，我们讨论最多的就是数据类型。</p> <p>Python提供的基本数据类型主要有：布尔类型、整型、浮点型、字符串、列表、元组、集合、字典等</p> <p>数据类型也可以看做是一个”类“ <br> 每一种数据类型都是一个对象，也具有其自己的属性和方法</p> <h2 id="3python中的none与-null即空字符的区别"><a name="t2"></a>3.Python中的None与 NULL(即空字符)的区别</h2> <p>了解以上概念，就不难理解None 与null的区别 <br> (1)是不同的一种数据类型</p> <pre class="prettyprint" name="code"><code class="hljs haskell has-numbering">>>><span class="hljs-typedef"><span class="hljs-keyword">type</span><span class="hljs-container">(<span class="hljs-type">None</span>)</span></span> <<span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> '<span class="hljs-type">NoneType'</span>></code><ul class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a href="javascript:;"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png"></a></div><ul class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li></ul></pre> <p>表示该值是一个空对象，空值是Python里一个特殊的值，用None表示。None不能理解为0，因为0是有意义的，而None是一个特殊的空值。</p> <pre class="prettyprint" name="code"><code class="hljs ocaml has-numbering">>>><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">type</span>(</span><span class="hljs-string">''</span>) <<span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-string">''</span>str<span class="hljs-string">'></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:;"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets_01.png"></a></div><ul class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li></ul></pre> <p>你可以将None赋值给任何变量，也可以将任何变量赋值给一个None值得对象</p> <p>(2)判断的时候 均是False</p> <pre class="prettyprint" name="code"><code class="hljs python has-numbering"><span class="hljs-prompt">>>> </span>ff=<span class="hljs-keyword">None</span> <span class="hljs-prompt">>>> </span><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> ff: print(<span class="hljs-string">'ff is define'</span>) 执行结果：无打印！</code><ul class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a href="javascript:;"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png"></a></div><ul class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li></ul></pre> <p>(3)属性不同</p> <p>使用dir()函数返回参数的属性、方法列表。如果参数包含方法<strong>dir</strong>()，该方法将被调用。如果参数不包含<strong>dir</strong>()，该方法将最大限度地收集参数信息。</p> <pre class="prettyprint" name="code"><code class="hljs rust has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">dir</span>(None) [<span class="hljs-string">'__bool__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__class__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__delattr__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__dir__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__doc__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__eq__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__format__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__ge__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__getattribute__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__gt__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__hash__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__init__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__le__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__lt__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__ne__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__new__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__reduce__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__reduce_ex__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__repr__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__setattr__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__sizeof__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__str__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__subclasshook__'</span>]</code><ul class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:;"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets_01.png"></a></div><ul class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li></ul></pre> <pre class="prettyprint" name="code"><code class="hljs rust has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">dir</span>(<span class="hljs-string">''</span>) [<span class="hljs-string">'__add__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__class__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__contains__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__delattr__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__dir__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__doc__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__eq__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__format__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__ge__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__getattribute__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__getitem__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__getnewargs__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__gt__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__hash__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__init__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__iter__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__le__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__len__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__lt__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__mod__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__mul__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__ne__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__new__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__reduce__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__reduce_ex__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__repr__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__rmod__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__rmul__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__setattr__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__sizeof__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__str__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__subclasshook__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'capitalize'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'casefold'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'center'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'count'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'encode'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'endswith'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'expandtabs'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'find'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'format'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'format_map'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'index'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'isalnum'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'isalpha'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'isdecimal'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'isdigit'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'isidentifier'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'islower'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'isnumeric'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'isprintable'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'isspace'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'istitle'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'isupper'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'join'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'ljust'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'lower'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'lstrip'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'maketrans'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'partition'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'replace'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'rfind'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'rindex'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'rjust'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'rpartition'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'rsplit'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'rstrip'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'split'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'splitlines'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'startswith'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'strip'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'swapcase'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'title'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'translate'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'upper'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'zfill'</span>]</code><ul class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:;"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets_01.png"></a></div><ul 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<div class="markdown_views"><h2 id="1首先要了解pythond的对象的概念"><a name="t0"></a>1.首先要了解Pythond的对象的概念：</h2><p><a href="http://lib.csdn.net/base/python" class="replace_word" title="Python知识库" target="_blank" style="color:#df3434; font-weight:bold;">Python</a>中，万物皆对象，所有的操作都是针对对象的，那什么是对象，5是一个int对象，‘oblong’是一个str对象，异常也是一个对象，抽象一点是，人，猫，够也是一个对象</p><p>那对于一个对象，它就有包括两方面的特征： <br>属性：去描述它的特征 <br>方法： 它所具有的行为 <br>所以，对象=属性+方法 （其实方法也是一种属性，一种区别于数据属性的可调用属性</p><p>把具有相同属性和方法的对象就可以归为一类，即Classl。类就好比是一张蓝图，使用一个类可以创建多个对象实例 <br>即人，猫，狗都属于哺乳动物类</p><blockquote> <p>类是对象的抽象化，对象是类的实例化。类不代表具体的事物，而对象表示具体的事物</p></blockquote><p>类也是有属性和方法的。</p><h2 id="2数据类型也是对象"><a name="t1"></a>2.数据类型也是对象</h2><p>实际上Pyhton在面向对象程序设计时，才会有对象这个概念，而在面向过程型程序设计时，我们讨论最多的就是数据类型。</p><p>Python提供的基本数据类型主要有：布尔类型、整型、浮点型、字符串、列表、元组、集合、字典等</p><p>数据类型也可以看做是一个”类“ <br>每一种数据类型都是一个对象，也具有其自己的属性和方法</p><h2 id="3python中的none与-null即空字符的区别"><a name="t2"></a>3.Python中的None与 NULL(即空字符)的区别</h2><p>了解以上概念，就不难理解None 与null的区别 <br>(1)是不同的一种数据类型</p><pre class="prettyprint" name="code"><code class="hljs haskell has-numbering">>>><span class="hljs-typedef"><span class="hljs-keyword">type</span><span class="hljs-container">(<span class="hljs-type">None</span>)</span></span><<span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> '<span class="hljs-type">NoneType'</span>></code><ul class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:;"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets_01.png"></a></div><ul class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li></ul></pre><p>表示该值是一个空对象，空值是Python里一个特殊的值，用None表示。None不能理解为0，因为0是有意义的，而None是一个特殊的空值。</p><pre class="prettyprint" name="code"><code class="hljs ocaml has-numbering">>>><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">type</span>(</span><span class="hljs-string">''</span>)<<span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-string">''</span>str<span class="hljs-string">'></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:;"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets_01.png"></a></div><ul class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li></ul></pre><p>你可以将None赋值给任何变量，也可以将任何变量赋值给一个None值得对象</p><p>(2)判断的时候 均是False</p><pre class="prettyprint" name="code"><code class="hljs python has-numbering"><span class="hljs-prompt">>>> </span>ff=<span class="hljs-keyword">None</span><span class="hljs-prompt">>>> </span><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> ff: print(<span class="hljs-string">'ff is define'</span>)执行结果：无打印！</code><ul class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:;"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png"></a></div><ul class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li></ul></pre><p>(3)属性不同</p><p>使用dir()函数返回参数的属性、方法列表。如果参数包含方法<strong>dir</strong>()，该方法将被调用。如果参数不包含<strong>dir</strong>()，该方法将最大限度地收集参数信息。</p><pre class="prettyprint" name="code"><code class="hljs rust has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">dir</span>(None)[<span class="hljs-string">'__bool__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__class__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__delattr__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__dir__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__doc__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__eq__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__format__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__ge__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__getattribute__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__gt__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__hash__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__init__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__le__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__lt__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__ne__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__new__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__reduce__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__reduce_ex__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__repr__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__setattr__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__sizeof__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__str__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__subclasshook__'</span>]</code><ul class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a href="javascript:;"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png"></a></div><ul class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li></ul></pre><pre class="prettyprint" name="code"><code class="hljs rust has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">dir</span>(<span class="hljs-string">''</span>)[<span class="hljs-string">'__add__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__class__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__contains__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__delattr__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__dir__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__doc__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__eq__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__format__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__ge__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__getattribute__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__getitem__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__getnewargs__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__gt__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__hash__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__init__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__iter__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__le__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__len__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__lt__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__mod__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__mul__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__ne__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__new__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__reduce__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__reduce_ex__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__repr__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__rmod__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__rmul__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__setattr__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__sizeof__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__str__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'__subclasshook__'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'capitalize'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'casefold'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'center'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'count'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'encode'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'endswith'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'expandtabs'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'find'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'format'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'format_map'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'index'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'isalnum'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'isalpha'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'isdecimal'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'isdigit'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'isidentifier'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'islower'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'isnumeric'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'isprintable'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'isspace'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'istitle'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'isupper'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'join'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'ljust'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'lower'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'lstrip'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'maketrans'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'partition'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'replace'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'rfind'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'rindex'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'rjust'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'rpartition'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'rsplit'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'rstrip'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'split'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'splitlines'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'startswith'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'strip'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'swapcase'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'title'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'translate'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'upper'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'zfill'</span>]</code><ul class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:;"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets_01.png"></a></div><ul class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li></ul></pre><h2 id="总结"><a name="t3"></a>总结：</h2><p>本文解释了None与 NULL(即空字符)的区别,以及Python中对象，类的概念，以及type()，dir()函数的使用。</p></div>
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