oracle中,增量备份即只备份从之前某个指定的备份以来变化的数据块。可以分为累计增量备份(cumulative)和差异(differential)增量备份,默认为累计增量备份(恢复时间短),其中差异增量备份指备份自上一次同级别或是上一次更高级别的备份完成以后的的数据库发生改变的数据块,而累计增量备份则是自上一次上一级增量备份以来数据库发生改变的数据块。
增量备份一般分为0级和1级,0级备份是后面级别的增量备份的基础,实际上0级备份就是一个完全备份,只不过0级备份可以作为其他级别增量备份的基础,而普通的完全备份不能。
备份示例:
1. rman 0级增量备份
rman> backup incremental level 0 database;
或
rman > backup incremental level=0 database;.
RMAN> backup incremental level 0 database;
Starting backup at 2016-12-11 16:22:59
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=33 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2016-12-11 16:23:00
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2016-12-11 16:23:15
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2016_12_11/o1_mf_nnnd0_TAG20161211T162259_d4t3741q_.bkp tag=TAG20161211T162259 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: