javaweb入门（四）-----Servlet与JSP进阶

HTTP请求

HTTP请求的结构

HTTP请求包含三部分：请求行、请求头、请求体。

HTTP响应的结构

HTTP常见状态码

ContentType的作用

ContentType

示例：

/**
 * Servlet implementation class ContentTypeServlet
 */
@WebServlet("/ct")
public class ContentTypeServlet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public ContentTypeServlet() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse res) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		String output = "<h1><a href='http://www.baidu.com'>百度</a></h1>";
		res.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
		res.getWriter().println(output);
	}
}

请求转发与重定向

• 多个Servlet（JSP）之间跳转有两种方式：
  request.getRequestDispatcher().forward() 请求转发： 请求转发是服务器跳转，只会产生一次请求
  response.sendRedirect() 响应重定向：重定向是浏览器端跳转会产生2次请求。

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		req.setAttribute("username", "admin");
		//实现了请求转发的功能
//		req.getRequestDispatcher("/direct/index").forward(req,res);
		//响应重定向需要增加contextPath
		res.sendRedirect("/myJsp/direct/index");
	}

设置请求自定义属性

请求允许创建自定义属性。
设置请求属性：request.setAttribute(属性名，属性值)
获取请求属性：Object attr = request.getAttribute(属性名)

浏览器Cookie

• Cookie是浏览器保存在本地的文本内容
• Cookie常用于保存登录状态、用户资料等小文本
• Cookie具有时效性， Cookie内容会伴随请求发送给Tomcat
  设置cookie

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Cookie coo = new Cookie("name","张三");
		coo.setMaxAge(60*60*24);
		response.addCookie(coo);
		response.getWriter().println("login ok ");
	}

获取

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Cookie[] cs = req.getCookies();
		if(cs==null) {
			response.getWriter().println("user not login");
			return;
		}
		String user = null;
		for(Cookie c : cs) {
			System.out.println(c.getName() + ":" + c.getValue());
			if(c.getName().equals("name")) {
				user = c.getValue();
				break;
			}
		}
		
		if(user == null) {
			response.getWriter().println("user not login");
		}else {
			response.getWriter().println("user:" + user);
		}

Session 用户会话

• Session 用于保存于“浏览器窗口”对应的数据
• Session 的数据存在服务器的内存中，具有时效性
• Session 通过浏览器Cookie的SessionId值提取用户数据

Session 常用方法

• request.getSession() --获取 Session对象
• getAttribute() setAttribute() removeAttribute() – 获取 设置 删除Session属性
• setMaxInactiveInterval — 设置Session超时时间

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		HttpSession session = req.getSession();
		String sessionId = session.getId();
		System.out.print(sessionId);
		session.setAttribute("name", "lucy");
		req.getRequestDispatcher("/session/index").forward(req, res);
	}

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		HttpSession session = request.getSession();
		String sessionId = session.getId();
		String name = (String)session.getAttribute("name");
		response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
		response.getWriter().println("这是首页，当前用户为:" + name);
	}

ServletContext

ServletContext（Servlet上下文对象），是web应用全局对象。
一个web应用只会创建一个ServletContext对象。
ServletContext随着web应用启动而自动创建。

Java Web三大作用域对象

HttpServletRequest ---- 请求对象
HttpSession ----- 用户会话对象
ServletContext ---- web应用全局对象。

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		ServletContext context = request.getServletContext();
		String copyright = context.getInitParameter("copyright");
		context.setAttribute("copyright", copyright);
		String title = context.getInitParameter("title");
		context.setAttribute("title", title);
		response.getWriter().println("init success");
	}

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		ServletContext context = (ServletContext)request.getServletContext();
		String copyright = (String)context.getAttribute("copyright");
		String title = (String)context.getAttribute("title");
		response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
		response.getWriter().println("<h1>"+title+"</h1>"+copyright);
	}

web应用的中文乱码问题

Tomcat默认使用字符集ISO-8859-1，属于西欧字符集。
解决乱码的核心思路是将ISO-8859-1转换为UTF-8
Servlet中请求与相应都要设置值utf-8字符集。

web.xml常用配置

• 修改web应用默认首页
• Servlet通配符映射及初始化参数
• 设置404、500等状态码默认页面

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
  <display-name>servlet_advanced</display-name>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
  <servlet>
  	<servlet-name>patternServlet</servlet-name>
  	<servlet-class>pattern.PatternServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
  	<servlet-name>patternServlet</servlet-name>
  	<url-pattern>/pattern/*</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  <context-param>
  	<param-name>copyright</param-name>
  	<param-value>© 12003892号-22</param-value>
  </context-param>
  <context-param>
  	<param-name>title</param-name>
  	<param-value>淘宝</param-value>
  </context-param>
  <!-- 指定错误页面 -->
  <error-page>
  	<error-code>404</error-code>
  	<location>/error/404.html</location>
  </error-page>
  <error-page>
  	<error-code>500</error-code>
  	<location>/error/500.jsp</location>
  </error-page>
</web-app>

JSP九大内置对象

Tomcat常用配置

• 修改web应用端口号
• 修改ContextPath上下文路径
• 设置应用自动重载
  server.xml文件修改配置。

JAVA WEB打包与发布

• Java Web应用采用war包进行发布
• 发布路径为: {TOMCAT_HOME}/webapps
• Eclipse支持war包导出
  项目上右键，Export ---->WAR file