依赖注入参数解释入门

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-28 21:46:11 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-04-28 21:46:11 发布

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在spring配置文件中不仅可以将String，int注入，还可以注入集合等类型，此外还可以注入配置文件中定义的其他的bean

1. 字面值注入

特殊字符使用CDATA或对应的xml转移序列符号

    <bean id="dog" class="com.ghq.cloud.source.Dog">
        <property name="name">
            <value><![CDATA[阿黄&123]]></value>
        </property>
    </bean>
    
    <bean id="dog2" class="com.ghq.cloud.source.Dog">
        <property name="name">
            <value>阿黄&amp;123</value>
        </property>
    </bean>

2. 引用其他bean

    <bean id="dog" class="com.ghq.cloud.source.Dog">
        <property name="name">
            <value><![CDATA[阿黄&123]]></value>
        </property>
        <property name="age" value="1"/>
        <property name="weight" value="23.4"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="master" class="com.ghq.cloud.source.Master">
        <property name="name" value="master"/>
        <property name="dog">
            <ref bean="dog"/>
        </property>
    </bean>

关于ref标签 < ref bean=“dog”/> 这里需要说明，ref属性有个parent。这里重点说明：
这里有两个配置文件：
beans.xml, 配置如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <bean id="dog" class="com.ghq.cloud.source.Dog">
        <property name="name">
            <value><![CDATA[阿黄&123]]></value>
        </property>
        <property name="age" value="1"/>
        <property name="weight" value="23.4"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

beans2.xml, 配置如下：注意 < ref parent=“dog”/>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    
    <bean id="dog" class="com.ghq.cloud.source.Dog">
        <property name="name">
            <value><![CDATA[阿黄&123wer]]></value>
        </property>
        <property name="age" value="1"/>
        <property name="weight" value="23.4"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="master" class="com.ghq.cloud.source.Master">
        <property name="name" value="master"/>
        <property name="dog">
            <ref parent="dog"/>
        </property>
    </bean>

</beans>

main方法如下：

//1. 父容器
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext pcontext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:beans.xml");
/**
* 2. 子容器
* 指定子容器的父容器为 pcontext
*/
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[]{"classpath:beans2.xml"},pcontext);
Master master = (Master) context.getBean("master");
System.out.println(master.getDog());

输出结果如下：

Dog{name=‘阿黄&123’, age=1, weight=23.4}

3. 内部bean

    <bean id="master" class="com.ghq.cloud.source.Master">
        <property name="name" value="master"/>
        <property name="dog">
            <bean class="com.ghq.cloud.source.Dog">
                <property name="name">
                    <value><![CDATA[阿黄&123wer]]></value>
                </property>
                <property name="age" value="1"/>
                <property name="weight" value="23.4"/>
            </bean>
        </property>
    </bean>

4. null值（spring5好像不支持了）

<property name="name">
  	<value><null/></value>
</property>

5. 级联属性

Master实体：（这里必须将dog属性赋值）

public class Master {
    private String name;
    private Dog dog = new Dog();
}

<bean id="master" class="com.ghq.cloud.source.Master">
    <property name="name" value="master"/>
    <property name="dog.name" value="阿黄"/>
    <property name="dog.age" value="1"/>
    <property name="dog.weight" value="23.4"/>
</bean>

6. 集合类型

Master类：

public class Master {
    private String name;
    private Dog dog = new Dog();
    private List<String> favorites = new ArrayList<>();

    private String[] arr1=new String[3];
    private int[] arr2=new int[3];

    private Set<String> set = new HashSet<>();

    private Map<String,String> jobs = new HashMap<>();

    private Properties mails = new Properties();
    //省略getter和setter
}

xml配置：

<bean id="master" class="com.ghq.cloud.source.Master">
        <property name="name" value="master"/>
        <property name="dog.name" value="阿黄"/>
        <property name="dog.age" value="1"/>
        <property name="dog.weight" value="23.4"/>
        
        配置list
        <property name="favorites">
            <list>
                <value>爱好1</value>
                <value>爱好2</value>
                <value>爱好3</value>
                <value>爱好4</value>
            </list>
        </property>

		配置String[]
        <property name="arr1">
            <list>
                <value>爱好5</value>
                <value>爱好6</value>
                <value>爱好7</value>
                <value>爱好8</value>
            </list>
        </property>
        配置int[]
        <property name="arr2">
            <list>
                <value>1</value>
                <value>2</value>
                <value>3</value>
                <value>4</value>
            </list>
        </property>
        配置Set
        <property name="set">
            <set>
                <value>set1</value>
                <value>set2</value>
                <value>set3</value>
                <value>set4</value>
            </set>
        </property>

		配置Map
        <property name="jobs">
            <map>
                <entry>
                    <key><value>1</value></key>
                    <value>work1</value>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                    <key><value>2</value></key>
                    <value>work2</value>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                    <key><value>3</value></key>
                    <value>work3</value>
                </entry>
            </map>
        </property>

        配置Properties
        <property name="mails">
            <props>
                <prop key="a">123</prop>
                <prop key="b">456</prop>
                <prop key="c">789</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>

如果Map的key和value都是非String类型的对象，可以采用如下配置方式

<entry>
	<key><ref bean="keyBean"></key>
	<ref bean="valueBean"/>
</entry>

7. 集合合并（merge=“true”:表示和父类中相同属性的集合元素合并）

    <bean id="parent" class="com.ghq.cloud.source.Master" abstract="true">
        <property name="name" value="master"/>
        <property name="dog.name" value="阿黄"/>
        <property name="dog.age" value="1"/>
        <property name="dog.weight" value="23.4"/>
        <property name="favorites">
            <list>
                <value>爱好1</value>
                <value>爱好2</value>
                <value>爱好3</value>
                <value>爱好4</value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <bean id="master" class="com.ghq.cloud.source.Master"
          parent="parent">
        <property name="favorites">
        merge="true":表示和父类中相同属性的集合元素合并
            <list merge="true">
                <value>爱好5</value>
                <value>爱好6</value>
                <value>爱好3</value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>

8.util命名空间定义集合

util 命名空间引入：

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd">

xml配置：

<util:list id="list" list-class="java.util.ArrayList">
    <value>爱好11</value>
    <value>爱好21</value>
    <value>爱好31</value>
    <value>爱好41</value>
</util:list>

<util:set id="set" set-class="java.util.HashSet">
    <value>set1</value>
    <value>set2</value>
    <value>set3</value>
    <value>set4</value>
</util:set>

<util:map id="map" key-type="java.lang.String" map-class="java.util.HashMap" value-type="java.lang.Integer">
   <entry key="a" value="1"/>
   <entry key="b" value="2"/>
   <entry key="c" value="3"/>
</util:map>

9.p命名空间简化配置

p命名空间引入，没有对应的Schema文件。

xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"

xml配置

	<!--
        简化前
    -->
    <bean id="dog" class="com.ghq.cloud.source.Dog">
        <property name="name" value="阿黄"/>
        <property name="age" value="1"/>
        <property name="weight" value="23.4"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="master" class="com.ghq.cloud.source.Master">
        <property name="dog" ref="dog"/>
    </bean>

    <!--
        简化后
    -->
    <bean id="dog2" class="com.ghq.cloud.source.Dog"
        p:name="阿黄" p:age="1" p:weight="23.4"/>

    <util:list id="list" list-class="java.util.ArrayList">
        <value>爱好11</value>
        <value>爱好21</value>
        <value>爱好31</value>
        <value>爱好41</value>
    </util:list>
    <bean id="master2" class="com.ghq.cloud.source.Master"
           p:name="master" p:dog-ref="dog2" p:favorites-ref="list"/>