Python 爬虫实战汽车某家(二) 车系

guohan_solft

于 2018-12-15 11:40:48 发布

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分类专栏：爬虫 python 文章标签： python python爬虫汽车之家爬虫 scrapy

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/guohan_solft/article/details/85012817

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文章目录

- 一、获取链接来源
- - 附件：爬取网页

一、获取链接来源

浏览器请求：https://car.autohome.com.cn

1、打开F12，点击左侧品牌导航栏其中一个品牌

2、查找返回品牌车系请求

通过爬取品牌得知，左侧导航栏是通过另一个get请求加载的，由此可以当加载品牌下的车系时极有可能是一个链接，因此打开F12搜索list，果然再次找到该请求，单独复制到浏览器请求发现返回html，将返回的html复制到在线格式化工具，可以清楚地看到返回的数据，采用scrapy shell测试是否能获取到数据

3、shell测试获取数据

scrapy shell "https://car.autohome.com.cn/AsLeftMenu/As_LeftListNew.ashx?typeId=1&brandId=111&fctId=0&seriesId=0"
In [1]: b=response.xpath("//dd")
Out[1]: 
[<Selector xpath='//dd' data='<dd><a id="series_2888" href="/price/ser'>,
 <Selector xpath='//dd' data='<dd><a id="series_3765" href="/price/ser'>,
 <Selector xpath='//dd' data='<dd><a id="series_3906" href="/price/ser'>,
 <Selector xpath='//dd' data='<dd><a id="series_4425" href="/price/ser'>,
 <Selector xpath='//dd' data='<dd><a id="series_4510" href="/price/ser'>,
 
 In [5]: for i in b:
   ...:     print(i.xpath("a/text()").extract_first(),i.xpath("a/@href").extract
   ...: _first(),i.xpath("a/em/text()").extract_first())  
   ...:       
野马T70  /price/series-2888.html (29)
野马T80  /price/series-3765.html (9)
野马U能E350  /price/series-3906.html (2)
斯派卡  /price/series-4425.html (3)
野马EC30  /price/series-4510.html (1)
野马F10  /price/series-2378.html (停售) (6)
野马F12  /price/series-2445.html (停售) (4)
野马F16  /price/series-2440.html (停售) (3)
野马F99  /price/series-939.html (停售) (9)

4、发现规律

比较品牌请求参数和品牌车系请求参数，发现变化的仅brandId发生了变化，因此可以得知，只要将品牌id替换掉就可以请求到该品牌下的车系数据。

#品牌 https://car.autohome.com.cn/AsLeftMenu/As_LeftListNew.ashx?typeId=1&brandId=0&fctId=0&seriesId=0
#车系 https://car.autohome.com.cn/AsLeftMenu/As_LeftListNew.ashx?typeId=1&brandId=111&fctId=0&seriesId=0

5、编写爬虫爬取车系



import scrapy,re
from ..mySqlUtils import MySqlUtils
from ..items import SeriesItem
from ..pipelines import SeriesPipeLine
import datetime


class seriesSpider(scrapy.Spider):

    name = "seriesSpider"
    seriesTreeLinkModel="https://car.autohome.com.cn/AsLeftMenu/As_LeftListNew.ashx?typeId=1&brandId=%s&fctId=0&seriesId=0"
    seriesLinkModel="https://car.autohome.com.cn%s"

    # 已爬取车系id集合
    seriesIdSet=None
    # 爬取规则
    ruleId=2  # 1为数据库中已存在的则不保存，2是全部更新

    #爬虫入口
    def start_requests(self):
        # 初始化已爬取车系id集合
        self.seriesIdSet=MySqlUtils.parseToChexiIdSet(MySqlUtils.querySeries())

        # 请求查询车系信息
        # res=MySqlUtils.queryBrandId()
        # 从断点文件中获取剩余未爬的品牌ID集合
        res=SeriesPipeLine.waitingCrawlBrandIdSet
        #res是元组的列表集合，每个元组只包含一个元素即品牌id
        for brandId in res:

            #self.log(brandId[0])
            #self.log(type(brandId[0]))
            request=scrapy.Request(url=self.seriesTreeLinkModel % brandId, callback=self.parse)
            request.meta['brandId']=brandId

            # 记录已爬品牌ID
            SeriesPipeLine.crawledBrandIdSet.add(brandId)
            SeriesPipeLine.count += 1

            yield request


    #解析查询结果
    def parse(self, response):
        #获取绑定参数
        brandId=response.meta['brandId']
        #车系数据在dl标签下，dl标签中并列dt和dd，dt为子品牌信息，dd为车系信息，因此需要获取dl标签下的子元素集
        seriesItems = response.xpath("//dl/*")
        self.log(seriesItems)
        brandSubId=0
        brandSubName=""
        for itemData in seriesItems:
            #数据封装对象
            item=SeriesItem()
            #取出子品牌，子品牌id，车系id，车系名称，车系url，车系车型数量，是否停售
            #通过取出当前标签的名称判断当前标签是否属于子品牌
            if(itemData.xpath("name()").extract_first() == "dt"):
                #获取子品牌名称
                brandSubName=itemData.xpath("a/text()").extract_first().strip()

                #通过brandSubHref获取brandSubId:
                #brandSubHref=item.xpath("a/@href").extract_first() #/price/brand-15-29.html 29为其brandSubId,需要截取获得
                #brandSubId=brandSubHref[brandSubHref.rfind("-")+1:brandSubHref.find(".")]

                #将取出的值用于下面的车系，表示该车系属于某一个子品牌下的
                continue
            #取出车系信息
            seriesName=itemData.xpath("a/text()").extract_first().strip()
            #取出车系链接/price/series-66.html
            seriesHref=itemData.xpath("a/@href").extract_first()
            #截取车系id
            seriesId=seriesHref[seriesHref.find("-")+1:seriesHref.find(".")]
            #获取车型数量
            seriesMarks=itemData.xpath("a/em/text()").extract_first()
            seriesNumSearch=re.search(r'\d+',str(seriesMarks))
            seriesNum=0
            if(seriesNumSearch):
                seriesNum =seriesNumSearch.group()

            #获取是否停售
            seriesMark='1'
            if(re.search(r'停售',str(seriesMarks))):
                seriesMark='0'
            seriesTuple=(seriesId,brandId,brandSubName,seriesName,self.seriesLinkModel % seriesHref)
            item['chexiID']=seriesId
            item['pinpaiID']=brandId
            item['chexiType']=brandSubName
            item['name']=seriesName
            item['url']=self.seriesLinkModel % seriesHref
            item['onSale']=seriesMark
            item['updateTime']=datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
            item['sqlType']='1'
            self.log(seriesTuple)
            # 记录新爬取到的车系
            if seriesId not in self.seriesIdSet:
                SeriesPipeLine.updateCount += 1
            #保存到数据库
            if self.ruleId == 1:
                if seriesId in self.seriesIdSet:
                    continue

            yield item


        #保存到数据库
        #self.saveToMySql(seriesLinkList)

附件：爬取网页

<html>
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 <body>
  <div class="cartree-letter">
   A
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  <ul>
   <li id="b117"><h3><a href="/price/brand-117.html"><i class="icon10 icon10-sjr"></i>AC Schnitzer<em>(2)</em></a></h3></li>
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   C
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    <dl>
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     </dt>
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      <a id="series_2865" href="/price/series-2865.html">东风小康C37 <em>(8)</em></a>
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    </dl></li>
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  <div class="cartree-letter">
   F
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   <li id="b260"><h3><a href="/price/brand-260.html"><i class="icon10 icon10-sjr"></i>华泰新能源<em>(14)</em></a></h3></li>
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   I
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   <li id="b188"><h3><a href="/price/brand-188.html"><i class="icon10 icon10-sjr"></i>Icona<em>(1)</em></a></h3></li>
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   J
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   <li id="b83"><h3><a href="/price/brand-83.html"><i class="icon10 icon10-sjr"></i>金杯<em>(547)</em></a></h3></li>
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   <li id="b49"><h3><a href="/price/brand-49.html"><i class="icon10 icon10-sjr"></i>路虎<em>(280)</em></a></h3></li>
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   N
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   <li id="b130"><h3><a href="/price/brand-130.html"><i class="icon10 icon10-sjr"></i>纳智捷<em>(117)</em></a></h3></li>
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   O
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   <li id="b60"><h3><a href="/price/brand-60.html"><i class="icon10 icon10-sjr"></i>讴歌<em>(53)</em></a></h3></li>
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   <li id="b308"><h3><a href="/price/brand-308.html"><i class="icon10 icon10-sjr"></i>Polestar<em>(1)</em></a></h3></li>
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   R
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   <li id="b103"><h3><a href="/price/brand-103.html"><i class="icon10 icon10-sjr"></i>瑞麒<em>(50)</em></a></h3></li>
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   S
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   <li id="b45"><h3><a href="/price/brand-45.html"><i class="icon10 icon10-sjr"></i>smart<em>(104)</em></a></h3></li>
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   <li id="b68"><h3><a href="/price/brand-68.html"><i class="icon10 icon10-sjr"></i>三菱<em>(318)</em></a></h3></li>
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   <li id="b114"><h3><a href="/price/brand-114.html"><i class="icon10 icon10-sjr"></i>五菱汽车<em>(127)</em></a></h3></li>
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   <li id="b232"><h3><a href="/price/brand-232.html"><i class="icon10 icon10-sjr"></i>御捷<em>(3)</em></a></h3></li>
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   <li id="b286"><h3><a href="/price/brand-286.html"><i class="icon10 icon10-sjr"></i>云度<em>(15)</em></a></h3></li>
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