一、DBus
DBus(D-Bus)是一种跨进程通信机制,是一种消息总线系统。DBus提供了一种在应用程序之间进行通信和交互的方式,可以在不同的进程之间传递消息,并提供了一套API供开发者使用。
二、Qt中使用
功能:先获取当前用户的路径,在根据路径,通过属性获取用户的昵称。
在 .pro 文件中添加 QtDBus 模块:
QT += core gui dbus
QDBusInterface 参数:
- D-Bus 服务的名称
- DBus接口的对象路径
- 接口名称(一个对象可以实现多个接口,每个接口提供不同的功能)
- 指定使用哪个 D-Bus 总线进行通信,系统总线是全局的,所有用户和服务都可以访问,而会话总线则特定于每个用户会话。
#include <QtDBus/QDBusInterface>
#include <QtDBus/QDBusReply>
QString getUserPath()
{
QString userName = qgetenv("USER");
const char* server = "org.freedesktop.Accounts";
const char* path = "/org/freedesktop/Accounts";
const char* interface = "org.freedesktop.Accounts";
QDBusInterface dbusInterface(server, path, interface, QDBusConnection::systemBus());
// 参数指定调用的方法,以及方法的参数
QDBusReply<QDBusObjectPath> reply = dbusInterface.call("FindUserByName", userName);
return reply.error().type() == QDBusError::NoError ? reply.value().path() : "";
}
void getNickName(const QString &userPath)
{
const char* server = "org.freedesktop.Accounts";
const char* path = userPath.toLatin1().data();
const char* interface = "org.freedesktop.Accounts.User";
QDBusInterface dbusInterfaceTwo(server, path, interface, QDBusConnection::systemBus());
QString nickName = dbusInterfaceTwo.property("RealName").toString();
qDebug() << "NickName:" << nickName;
}
int main()
{
getNickName(getUserPath());
return 0;
}
三、C++中使用
实现上述同样的功能。
- 安装DBus
sudo apt-get install libdbus-1-dev- 编译(头文件大写i,链接库小写L)
gcc two.c -I/usr/include/dbus-1.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dbus-1.0/include/ -ldbus-1- 执行
./a.out
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <dbus-1.0/dbus/dbus.h>
DBusConnection *getDBusConnect()
{
DBusError error;
dbus_error_init(&error);
DBusConnection *connect = dbus_bus_get(DBUS_BUS_SYSTEM, &error);
if (dbus_error_is_set(&error)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error connecting to system bus: %s\n", error.message);
dbus_error_free(&error);
return NULL;
}
return connect;
}
void call_find_user_by_name(DBusConnection *connect, char **userPath) {
DBusMessage *message = dbus_message_new_method_call(
"org.freedesktop.Accounts",
"/org/freedesktop/Accounts",
"org.freedesktop.Accounts",
"FindUserByName"
);
const char *userName = getenv("USER");
dbus_message_append_args(message, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &userName, DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
DBusError error;
dbus_error_init(&error);
DBusMessage *reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(connect, message, -1, &error);
// Failed
if (dbus_error_is_set(&error)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", error.message);
dbus_error_free(&error);
return;
}
// Success
dbus_message_get_args(reply, NULL, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, userPath, DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
if (message)
dbus_message_unref(message);
if (reply)
dbus_message_unref(reply);
}
void call_real_name(DBusConnection *connect, char *userPath) {
DBusMessage *message = dbus_message_new_method_call(
"org.freedesktop.Accounts",
userPath,
"org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
"Get"
);
const char *interface = "org.freedesktop.Accounts.User";
const char *property = "RealName";
if (!dbus_message_append_args(message, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property, DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n");
dbus_message_unref(message);
return;
}
DBusError error;
dbus_error_init(&error);
DBusMessage *reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(connect, message, -1, &error);
if (dbus_error_is_set(&error)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error getting property: %s\n", error.message);
dbus_error_free(&error);
return;
}
DBusMessageIter args;
if (dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &args) && dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&args) == DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT) {
DBusMessageIter variant;
dbus_message_iter_recurse(&args, &variant);
// VARIANT is a string
if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&variant) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
char *nickName = NULL;
dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&variant, &nickName);
printf("Nickname: %s\n", nickName);
}
}
if (message)
dbus_message_unref(message);
if (reply)
dbus_message_unref(reply);
}
int main()
{
DBusConnection *connect = getDBusConnect();
char *userPath = NULL;
call_find_user_by_name(connect, &userPath); // 二级指针:可以用来返回多个值,作为输出型参数
call_real_name(connect, userPath);
dbus_connection_unref(connect);
return 0;
}