数组和矩阵乘法的问题总结

1.当相乘的都为数组array时：d*f为对应元素的乘积，multiply(d,f)也是对应元素的乘积，dot(d,f)会转化为矩阵的乘积。

import numpy as np
d = np.array([[1,2],[3,4]])
f = np.array([[1,2],[3,4]])

d*f
array([[ 1,  4],
       [ 9, 16]])

np.multiply(d,f)
array([[ 1,  4],
       [ 9, 16]])

np.dot(d,f)
array([[ 7, 10],
       [15, 22]])

2.当相乘的都为矩阵mat时：d*f为矩阵的乘积，multiply(d,f)为对应元素的乘积，dot(d,f)为矩阵的乘积。

import numpy as np
d = np.mat([[1,2],[3,4]])
f = np.mat([[1,2],[3,4]])

d*f
matrix([[ 7, 10],
        [15, 22]])

np.multiply(d,f)
matrix([[ 1,  4],
        [ 9, 16]])

np.dot(d,f)
matrix([[ 7, 10],
        [15, 22]])

3.当相乘的既有数组array，又有矩阵mat时：混合时默认的是矩阵乘法，既d*f为矩阵的乘积，multiply(d,f)为对应元素的乘积，dot(d,f)为矩阵的乘积。

import numpy as np
d = np.array([[1,2],[3,4]])
f = np.mat([[1,2],[3,4]])

d*f
matrix([[ 7, 10],
        [15, 22]])

np.multiply(d,f)
matrix([[ 1,  4],
        [ 9, 16]])

np.dot(d,f)
matrix([[ 7, 10],
        [15, 22]])

 4.运算时最好进行矩阵的运算，因为矩阵可以方便的求转置、逆、迹。

a = np.dot(d,f)
a.T  #转置
matrix([[ 7, 15],
        [10, 22]])

a.I  #逆
matrix([[ 5.5 , -2.5 ],
        [-3.75,  1.75]])

​np.trance(a)  #迹
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