二维数组和矩阵乘法

       矩阵相乘最重要的方法是一般矩阵乘积。它只有在第一个矩阵的列数（column）和第二个矩阵的行数（row）相同时才有意义 [1]  。一般单指矩阵乘积时，指的便是一般矩阵乘积。一个m×n的矩阵就是m×n个数排成m行n列的一个数阵。由于它把许多数据紧凑地集中到了一起，所以有时候可以简便地表示一些复杂的模型，如电力系统网络模型。

 

根据这个图就很容易理解矩阵相乘了；

接下来是代码（一些对代码的理解也在代码的注释上：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h> //比伪随机较为随机所需要的头文件

#define ROWS 4
#define COLUMNS 5

typedef struct TArray{   //这是个动态的?
	int rows;  //行
	int columns;  //列
	int** elems;
} TArray, *TArrayPtr;


typedef struct TDStaticArray{   //貌似是个静态的欸
	int rows;
	int columns;
	int elems[ROWS][COLUMNS];
} TStaticArray, *TStaticArrayPtr;

TArrayPtr initTwoDArray(int paraRows, int paraColumns){   //二维数组的初始化
	int i;
	TArrayPtr resultPtr = (TArrayPtr)malloc(sizeof(struct TArray));
	resultPtr->rows = paraRows;    //赋值行
	resultPtr->columns = paraColumns;  //赋值列
	resultPtr->elems = (int**)malloc(paraRows * sizeof(int*));  //给空间
	for (i = 0; i < paraRows; i ++){
		resultPtr->elems[i] = (int*)malloc(paraColumns * sizeof(int));//给空间
	}//Of for i

	return resultPtr;
}

void randomizeTwoDArray(TArrayPtr paraPtr, int paraLowerBound, int paraUpperBound){    //这是赋值随机数
	int i, j;	
	for (i = 0; i < paraPtr->rows; i ++){
		for (j = 0; j < paraPtr->columns; j ++) {
			paraPtr->elems[i][j] = rand() % (paraUpperBound - paraLowerBound) + paraLowerBound;  //rand需要的头文件为  stdlib.h,但这是伪随机，后面会把它变得更随机
		}
	}
}


void printTwoDArray(TArrayPtr paraPtr){       //打印嗷
	int i, j;	
	for (i = 0; i < paraPtr->rows; i ++){
		for (j = 0; j < paraPtr->columns; j ++) {
			printf("%d, ", paraPtr->elems[i][j]);
		}//Of for j
		printf("\r\n");
	}
}


TArrayPtr matrixMultiply(TArrayPtr paraPtr1, TArrayPtr paraPtr2){   //矩阵相乘
	int i, j, k, sum;
	if (paraPtr1->columns != paraPtr2->rows){
		printf("Matrices cannot be multiplied.\r\n"); //不相等就不乘
		return NULL;
	}//Of if

	TArrayPtr resultPtr = initTwoDArray(paraPtr1->rows, paraPtr2->columns);   //根据1的行和2的列来创建一个新的矩阵

	for (i = 0; i < paraPtr1->rows; i ++){
		for (j = 0; j < paraPtr2->columns; j ++) {
			sum = 0;
			for (k = 0; k < paraPtr1->columns; k ++) {
				sum += paraPtr1->elems[i][k] * paraPtr2->elems[k][j];  //Ptr1 的行 * Ptr2 的列 
			}//Of for k
			resultPtr->elems[i][j] = sum;
			printf("sum = %d, ", sum);
		}
}
	

	return resultPtr;
}

void twoDArrayTest(){   //测试代码嗷
	TArrayPtr tempPtr1, tempPtr2, tempPtr3;
	tempPtr1 = initTwoDArray(3, 2);
	randomizeTwoDArray(tempPtr1, 1, 5);
	printf("The first matrix:\r\n");
	printTwoDArray(tempPtr1);

	tempPtr2 = initTwoDArray(2, 4);
	randomizeTwoDArray(tempPtr2, 4, 9);
	printf("The second matrix:\r\n");
	printTwoDArray(tempPtr2);

	tempPtr3 = matrixMultiply(tempPtr1, tempPtr2);
	printf("The result:\r\n");
	printTwoDArray(tempPtr3);
}

TStaticArrayPtr initTwoDStaticArray(){
	int i, j;
	TStaticArrayPtr resultPtr = (TStaticArrayPtr)malloc(sizeof(struct TDStaticArray));
	resultPtr->rows = ROWS;
	resultPtr->columns = COLUMNS;
	for (i = 0; i < ROWS; i ++){
		for (j = 0; j < COLUMNS; j ++) {
			resultPtr->elems[i][j] = i * 10 + j;
			//Print their addresses.
			printf("(%d, %d): %d; ", i, j, &(resultPtr->elems[i][j]));
		}
		printf("\n");
	}//Of for i
	
	return resultPtr;
}


int main(){
	 srand(time(NULL));   //我们整个这个，这样的话，rand()就可以产生不同的随机数啦！
	twoDArrayTest();
	TStaticArrayPtr tempPtr = initTwoDStaticArray();

	return 0;
}// Of main

运行结果1：

The first matrix:
2, 4,
2, 2,
2, 3,
The second matrix:
7, 4, 7, 6,
5, 5, 6, 7,
sum = 34, sum = 28, sum = 38, sum = 40, sum = 24, sum = 18, sum = 26, sum = 26, sum = 29, sum = 23, sum = 32, sum = 33, The result:
34, 28, 38, 40,
24, 18, 26, 26,
29, 23, 32, 33,
(0, 0): 7212736; (0, 1): 7212740; (0, 2): 7212744; (0, 3): 7212748; (0, 4): 7212752;
(1, 0): 7212756; (1, 1): 7212760; (1, 2): 7212764; (1, 3): 7212768; (1, 4): 7212772;
(2, 0): 7212776; (2, 1): 7212780; (2, 2): 7212784; (2, 3): 7212788; (2, 4): 7212792;
(3, 0): 7212796; (3, 1): 7212800; (3, 2): 7212804; (3, 3): 7212808; (3, 4): 7212812;

运行结果2：

The first matrix:
3, 1,
1, 4,
4, 4,
The second matrix:
7, 7, 5, 8,
4, 5, 6, 7,
sum = 25, sum = 26, sum = 21, sum = 31, sum = 23, sum = 27, sum = 29, sum = 36, sum = 44, sum = 48, sum = 44, sum = 60, The result:
25, 26, 21, 31,
23, 27, 29, 36,
44, 48, 44, 60,
(0, 0): 8326848; (0, 1): 8326852; (0, 2): 8326856; (0, 3): 8326860; (0, 4): 8326864;
(1, 0): 8326868; (1, 1): 8326872; (1, 2): 8326876; (1, 3): 8326880; (1, 4): 8326884;
(2, 0): 8326888; (2, 1): 8326892; (2, 2): 8326896; (2, 3): 8326900; (2, 4): 8326904;
(3, 0): 8326908; (3, 1): 8326912; (3, 2): 8326916; (3, 3): 8326920; (3, 4): 8326924;

完毕！