Redis数据类型

Redis的优点

性能极高 – Redis能支持超过 100K+ 每秒的读写频率。
丰富的数据类型 – Redis支持二进制案例的 Strings, Lists, Hashes, Sets 及 Ordered Sets 数据类型操作。
原子 – Redis的所有操作都是原子性的，同时Redis还支持对几个操作全并后的原子性执行。
丰富的特性 – Redis还支持 publish/subscribe, 通知, key 过期等等特性。

数据类型

String类型：Redis能存储二进制安全的字符串，最大长度为1GB

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET name "John Doe"
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET name
"John Doe"

String类型还支持批量的读写操作

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> MSET age 30 sex "male"
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> MGET age sex
1) "30"
2) "male"

String类型其实也可以用来存储数字，并支持对数字的加减操作。

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> INCR age
(integer) 31
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> INCRBY age 4
(integer) 35
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET age
"35"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> DECR age
(integer) 34
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> DECRBY age 4
(integer) 30
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET age
"30"

String类型还支持对其部分的修改和获取操作

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> APPEND name " Mr."
(integer) 12
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET name
"John Doe Mr."
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> STRLEN name
(integer) 12
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SUBSTR name 0 3
"John"

List类型：Redis能够将数据存储成一个链表，并能对这个链表进行丰富的操作

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH students "John Doe"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH students "Captain Kirk"
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH students "Sheldon Cooper"
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LLEN students
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE students 0 2
1) "Sheldon Cooper"
2) "Captain Kirk"
3) "John Doe"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LPOP students
"Sheldon Cooper"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LLEN students
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE students 0 1
1) "Captain Kirk"
2) "John Doe"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LREM students 1 "John Doe"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LLEN students
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE students 0 0
1) "Captain Kirk"

Redis也支持很多修改操作

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LINSERT students BEFORE "Captain Kirk" "Dexter Morgan"
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE students 0 2
1) "Dexter Morgan"
2) "Captain Kirk"
3) "John Doe"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH students "Peter Parker"
(integer) 4
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE students 0 3
1) "Peter Parker"
2) "Dexter Morgan"
3) "Captain Kirk"
4) "John Doe"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LTRIM students 1 3
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LLEN students
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE students 0 2
1) "Dexter Morgan"
2) "Captain Kirk"
3) "John Doe"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LREM students 1 "John Doe"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LLEN students
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE students 0 1
1) "Captain Kirk"

集合（Sets）类型：Redis能够将一系列不重复的值存储成一个集合

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD birds crow
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD birds pigeon
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD birds bat
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD mammals dog
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD mammals cat
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD mammals bat
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS birds
1) "bat"
2) "crow"
3) "pigeon"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS mammals
1) "bat"
2) "cat"
3) "dog"

Sets结构也支持相应的修改操作

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SREM mammals cat
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS mammals
1) "bat"
2) "dog"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD mammals human
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS mammals
1) "bat"
2) "human"
3) "dog"

Redis还支持对集合的子交并补等操作

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SINTER birds mammals
1) "bat"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SUNION birds mammals
1) "crow"
2) "bat"
3) "human"
4) "pigeon"
5) "dog"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SDIFF birds mammals
1) "crow"
2) "pigeon"

有序集合（Sorted Sets）类型：Sorted Sets和Sets结构相似，不同的是存在Sorted Sets中的数据会有一个score属性，并会在写入时就按这个score排好序。

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD days 0 mon
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD days 1 tue
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD days 2 wed
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD days 3 thu
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD days 4 fri
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD days 5 sat
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD days 6 sun
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZCARD days
(integer) 7
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE days 0 6
1) "mon"
2) "tue"
3) "wed"
4) "thu"
5) "fri"
6) "sat"
7) "sun"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZSCORE days sat
"5"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZCOUNT days 3 6
(integer) 4
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE days 3 6
1) "thu"
2) "fri"
3) "sat"
4) "sun"

Hash类型：Redis能够存储key对多个属性的数据（比如user1.uname user1.passwd）

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HKEYS student
1) "name"
2) "age"
3) "sex"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HVALS student
1) "Ganesh"
2) "30"
3) "Male"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HGETALL student
1) "name"
2) "Ganesh"
3) "age"
4) "30"
5) "sex"
6) "Male"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HDEL student sex
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HGETALL student
1) "name"
2) "Ganesh"
3) "age"
4) "30"

Hash数据结构能够批量修改和获取

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HMSET kid name Akshi age 2 sex Female
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HMGET kid name age sex
1) "Akshi"
2) "2"
3) "Female"

数据过期设置

Redis支持按key设置过期时间，过期后值将被删除（在客户端看来是补删除了的）

用TTL命令可以获取某个key值的过期时间（-1表示永不过期）

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET name "John Doe"
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> TTL name
(integer) -1

下面命令先用EXISTS命令查看key值是否存在，然后设置了5秒的过期时间

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET name "John Doe"
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> EXISTS name
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> EXPIRE name 5
(integer) 1

5秒后再查看

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> EXISTS name
(integer) 0
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET name
(nil)

这个值已经没有了。

上在是直接设置多少秒后过期，你也可以设置在某个时间点过期，下面例子是设置2011-09-24 00:40:00过期。

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET name "John Doe"
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> EXPIREAT name 1316805000
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> EXISTS name
(integer) 0

事务性

Redis本身支持一些简单的组合型的命令，比如以NX结尾命令都是判断在这个值没有时才进行某个命令。

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET name "John Doe"
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SETNX name "Dexter Morgan"
(integer) 0
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET name
"John Doe"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GETSET name "Dexter Morgan"
"John Doe"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET name
"Dexter Morgan"

当然，Redis还支持自定义的命令组合，通过MULTI和EXEC，将几个命令组合起来执行

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET counter 0
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> MULTI
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> INCR counter
QUEUED
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> INCR counter
QUEUED
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> INCR counter
QUEUED
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> EXEC
1) (integer) 1
2) (integer) 2
3) (integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET counter
"3"

你还可以用DICARD命令来中断执行中的命令序列

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET newcounter 0
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> MULTI
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> INCR newcounter
QUEUED
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> INCR newcounter
QUEUED
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> INCR newcounter
QUEUED
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> DISCARD
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET newcounter
"0"