进程间通信

在linux中实现共享内存方式的进程间通信
上面代码都在
linux:Ubuntu12.04
gcc:4.6.3 上运行通过。

分别有两个程序运行read.c和write.c
write.c从终端输入到全局定义的结构体shm_t的buf[]数组中
read.c从buf[]中读取并输出、打印

下面为read.c文件

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/ipc.h>
#include<sys/shm.h>
#include<errno.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<signal.h>//包含的头文件
#include<string.h>

//利用共享内存进行进程间的通信
typedef struct{
    pid_t pid;
    char buf[100];//定义的结构体
}shm_t;

void fun(int signum)
{
    //空操作
}

int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{

    key_t key;
    int shmid;
    pid_t pid;
    shm_t *p;

//recive the signal from the write 
//then turn to pause()
    signal(SIGUSR1,fun);

//init the shmid memory
    key = ftok(".",'a');//key_t ftok(const char *pathname, int proj_id) 
                          define the key value
    if((shmid = shmget(key,100,0664 | IPC_CREAT | IPC_EXCL)) == -1){
        if(errno == EEXIST){
            shmid = shmget(key,100,0664); //int shmget(key_t key, size_t size, int shmflg);
                                            //shmflag follows IPC_CREAT IPC_EXCL
            p = (shm_t *)shmat(shmid,NULL,0);//有必要进行强转，在我运行时不强转会出问题

            //the purpose of this step send 
            //the pid of process
            pid = p->pid;
            p->pid = getpid();//get the current pidnum
            kill(pid,SIGUSR1);//send signal to write
        }

        else{
            perror("shget");
            exit(1);
        }
    }
    //当shimd不存在，首次执行时
    else{
        p = (shm_t *)shmat(shmid,NULL,0);
        p->pid = getpid();
        pause();//wait for signal from write
        pid = p->pid;//change the struct's pid number

    }

    while(1){
    //程序阻塞在这里等待write发送信号
        pause();

        //when enter the quit,will quit from the progress
        if(strncmp(p->buf,"quit",4) == 0){
            break;//breakout the while(1) 
        }

        printf("buf is %s",p->buf);

        //send signal the write
        kill(pid,SIGUSR1);
    }

//destroy the shmid 
    shmdt(p);
    shmctl(shmid,IPC_RMID,NULL);

    return 0;


}

接下来是write.c文件，用于向共享内存进行写内容

**#include<>;;;has the same headfiles as read.c has**
int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{

    key_t key;
    shm_t *p;
    int shmid;
    pid_t pid;

    signal(SIGUSR1,fun);

//same function as read do
//init the 
    key = ftok(".",'a');
    if((shmid = shmget(key,sizeof(shm_t),0664 | IPC_CREAT|IPC_EXCL)) == -1){
        if(errno == EEXIST){
            shmid = shmget(key,100,0664);
            p = (shm_t *)shmat(shmid,NULL,0);

            pid = p->pid;
            p->pid = getpid();
            kill(pid,SIGUSR1);
        }
        else{
            perror("shmget");
            exit(1);
        }

    }
    else{
        p = (shm_t *)shmat(shmid,NULL,0);
        p->pid = getpid();
        pause();
        pid = p->pid;
    }

    while(1){

        //read the charaters from terminal
        fgets(p->buf,100,stdin);
        kill(pid,SIGUSR1);//send the signal to read

        if(strncmp(p->buf,"quit",4) == 0)
            break;//breakout while()
        pause();//wait the signal from read
    }

    return 0;
}

进程间通信的方式有很多，管道：有名管道、无名管道 ，信号，共享内存，消息队列，信号灯等，还有套接字，会在网络编程里出现比较多。