转圈打印矩阵

题目

给定一个整数矩阵matrix，请按转圈打印的方式打印，如：
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
打印为：1，2，3，6，9，8，7，4，5

思路

一圈一圈地打印，每圈打印的时候分四个方向打印，圈之间可以递归，也可以循环。

实现1

def cycle_print1(matrix):
    def recursive(matrix, row_beg, row_end, col_beg, col_end):
        if row_beg > row_end or col_beg > col_end:
            return

        if row_beg == row_end:
            for c in range(col_beg, col_end+1):
                result.append(matrix[row_beg][c])
        elif col_beg == col_end:
            for r in range(row_beg, row_end+1):
                result.append(matrix[r][col_beg])
        else:
            for c in range(col_beg, col_end+1):
                result.append(matrix[row_beg][c])

            for r in range(row_beg+1, row_end+1):
                result.append(matrix[r][col_end])

            for c in range(col_end-1, col_beg-1, -1):
                result.append(matrix[row_end][c])

            for r in range(row_end-1, row_beg, -1):
                result.append(matrix[r][col_beg])

            recursive(matrix, row_beg+1, row_end-1, col_beg+1, col_end-1)

    result = []
    if matrix is None or len(matrix) == 0 or len(matrix[0]) == 0:
        return result

    recursive(matrix, 0, len(matrix)-1, 0, len(matrix[0])-1)
    return result

实现2

def cycle_print2(matrix):
    def cycle(matrix, row_beg, row_end, col_beg, col_end):
        if row_beg > row_end or col_beg > col_end:
            return

        if row_beg == row_end:
            for c in range(col_beg, col_end+1):
                result.append(matrix[row_beg][c])
        elif col_beg == col_end:
            for r in range(row_beg, row_end+1):
                result.append(matrix[r][col_beg])
        else:
            for c in range(col_beg, col_end+1):
                result.append(matrix[row_beg][c])

            for r in range(row_beg+1, row_end+1):
                result.append(matrix[r][col_end])

            for c in range(col_end-1, col_beg-1, -1):
                result.append(matrix[row_end][c])

            for r in range(row_end-1, row_beg, -1):
                result.append(matrix[r][col_beg])

    result = []
    if matrix is None or len(matrix) == 0 or len(matrix[0]) == 0:
        return

    row_beg, row_end = 0, len(matrix)-1
    col_beg, col_end = 0, len(matrix[0])-1
    while row_beg <= row_end and col_beg <= col_end:
        cycle(matrix, row_beg, row_end, col_beg, col_end)
        row_beg += 1
        row_end -= 1
        col_beg += 1
        col_end -= 1
    return result

测试

def test_cycle_print(row_num, col_num):
    mat = []
    n = 1
    for _ in range(row_num):
        row = [n+i for i in range(col_num)]
        n += col_num
        mat.append(row)

    for row in mat:
        for d in row:
            print('%2d' % d, end=' ')
        print()

    result1 = cycle_print1(mat)
    result2 = cycle_print2(mat)
    print(result1)
    print(result2)
    print('----------------------------------------------------')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    test_cycle_print(0, 0)
    test_cycle_print(0, 1)
    test_cycle_print(1, 0)
    test_cycle_print(1, 1)
    test_cycle_print(1, 2)
    test_cycle_print(2, 1)
    test_cycle_print(2, 2)
    test_cycle_print(4, 4)
    test_cycle_print(4, 3)
    test_cycle_print(3, 4)
    test_cycle_print(6, 6)
    test_cycle_print(6, 4)
    test_cycle_print(4, 6)

结果

[]
[]
----------------------------------------------------
[]
[]
----------------------------------------------------

[]
[]
----------------------------------------------------
 1 
[1]
[1]
----------------------------------------------------
 1  2 
[1, 2]
[1, 2]
----------------------------------------------------
 1 
 2 
[1, 2]
[1, 2]
----------------------------------------------------
 1  2 
 3  4 
[1, 2, 4, 3]
[1, 2, 4, 3]
----------------------------------------------------
 1  2  3  4 
 5  6  7  8 
 9 10 11 12 
13 14 15 16 
[1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 16, 15, 14, 13, 9, 5, 6, 7, 11, 10]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 16, 15, 14, 13, 9, 5, 6, 7, 11, 10]
----------------------------------------------------
 1  2  3 
 4  5  6 
 7  8  9 
10 11 12 
[1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, 11, 10, 7, 4, 5, 8]
[1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, 11, 10, 7, 4, 5, 8]
----------------------------------------------------
 1  2  3  4 
 5  6  7  8 
 9 10 11 12 
[1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 11, 10, 9, 5, 6, 7]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 11, 10, 9, 5, 6, 7]
----------------------------------------------------
 1  2  3  4  5  6 
 7  8  9 10 11 12 
13 14 15 16 17 18 
19 20 21 22 23 24 
25 26 27 28 29 30 
31 32 33 34 35 36 
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 35, 34, 33, 32, 31, 25, 19, 13, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 17, 23, 29, 28, 27, 26, 20, 14, 15, 16, 22, 21]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 35, 34, 33, 32, 31, 25, 19, 13, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 17, 23, 29, 28, 27, 26, 20, 14, 15, 16, 22, 21]
----------------------------------------------------
 1  2  3  4 
 5  6  7  8 
 9 10 11 12 
13 14 15 16 
17 18 19 20 
21 22 23 24 
[1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 23, 22, 21, 17, 13, 9, 5, 6, 7, 11, 15, 19, 18, 14, 10]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 23, 22, 21, 17, 13, 9, 5, 6, 7, 11, 15, 19, 18, 14, 10]
----------------------------------------------------
 1  2  3  4  5  6 
 7  8  9 10 11 12 
13 14 15 16 17 18 
19 20 21 22 23 24 
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, 18, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, 19, 13, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 17, 16, 15, 14]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, 18, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, 19, 13, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 17, 16, 15, 14]
----------------------------------------------------

测试2

牛客网-转圈打印矩阵