leetcode practice - python3 (15)

34. Search for a Range

Given an array of integers nums sorted in ascending order, find the starting and ending position of a given target value.

Your algorithm’s runtime complexity must be in the order of O(log n).

If the target is not found in the array, return [-1, -1].

Example 1:
Input: nums = [5,7,7,8,8,10], target = 8
Output: [3,4]

Example 2:
Input: nums = [5,7,7,8,8,10], target = 6
Output: [-1,-1]

思路：二分查找，lower_bound, upper_bound

class Solution:
    def searchRange(self, nums, target):
        """
        :type nums: List[int]
        :type target: int
        :rtype: List[int]
        """
        lower = self.lowerBound(nums, target)
        ans = [-1, -1]
        if lower >= 0 and lower < len(nums) and nums[lower] == target:
            upper = self.upperBound(nums, target)
            ans = [lower, upper-1]
        return ans

    def lowerBound(self, nums, target):
        l, r = 0, len(nums)
        while l < r:
            m = (l + r) // 2
            if nums[m] < target:
                l = m + 1
            else:
                r = m
        return l

    def upperBound(self, nums, target):
        l, r = 0, len(nums)
        while l < r:
            m = (l + r) // 2
            if nums[m] <= target:
                l = m + 1
            else:
                r = m
        return l

Beat 99.63% python3 2018-06-10

33. Search in Rotated Sorted Array

Suppose an array sorted in ascending order is rotated at some pivot unknown to you beforehand.
(i.e., [0,1,2,4,5,6,7] might become [4,5,6,7,0,1,2]).

You are given a target value to search. If found in the array return its index, otherwise return -1.
You may assume no duplicate exists in the array.
Your algorithm’s runtime complexity must be in the order of O(log n).

Example 1:
Input: nums = [4,5,6,7,0,1,2], target = 0
Output: 4

Example 2:
Input: nums = [4,5,6,7,0,1,2], target = 3
Output: -1

思路：二分查找

class Solution:
    def search(self, nums, target):
        """
        :type nums: List[int]
        :type target: int
        :rtype: int
        """
        l, r = 0, len(nums)-1
        while l <= r:
            m = (l + r) // 2
            if nums[m] == target:
                return m

            if nums[l] <= nums[m]:
                if nums[l] <= target < nums[m]:
                    r = m - 1
                else:
                    l = m + 1
            else:
                if nums[m] < target <= nums[r]:
                    l = m + 1
                else:
                    r = m - 1

        return -1

Beat 98.97% python3 2018-06-11

221. Maximal Square

Given a 2D binary matrix filled with 0’s and 1’s, find the largest square containing only 1’s and return its area.

Example:
Input:
1 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 1 0

Output: 4

思路：DP

class Solution:
    def maximalSquare(self, matrix):
        """
        :type matrix: List[List[str]]
        :rtype: int
        """
        if len(matrix) == 0:
            return 0

        rows = len(matrix)
        cols = len(matrix[0])
        dp = [[0 for i in range(cols+1)] for j in range(rows+1)]

        ans = 0
        for i in range(1, rows+1):
            for j in range(1, cols+1):
                if matrix[i-1][j-1] == '1':
                    dp[i][j] = 1 + min(dp[i-1][j-1], dp[i-1][j], dp[i][j-1])
                    ans = max(ans, dp[i][j])
        return ans*ans

Beat 20.66% python3 2018-06-12

class Solution:
    def maximalSquare(self, matrix):
        """
        :type matrix: List[List[str]]
        :rtype: int
        """
        if len(matrix) == 0:
            return 0

        rows = len(matrix)
        cols = len(matrix[0])
        dp = [[0 for i in range(cols+1)] for j in range(rows+1)]

        ans = 0
        for i in range(1, rows+1):
            for j in range(1, cols+1):
                if matrix[i-1][j-1] == '1':
                    dp[i][j] = 1 + min(dp[i-1][j-1], dp[i-1][j], dp[i][j-1])
                    if dp[i][j] > ans:
                        ans = dp[i][j]
        return ans*ans

Beat 97.52% python3 2018-06-12

15. 3Sum

Given an array nums of n integers, are there elements a, b, c in nums such that a + b + c = 0? Find all unique triplets in the array which gives the sum of zero.

Note:
The solution set must not contain duplicate triplets.

Example:
Given array nums = [-1, 0, 1, 2, -1, -4],

A solution set is:
[
[-1, 0, 1],
[-1, -1, 2]
]

思路：选定一个，然后two_sum（两个指针）

class Solution:
    def threeSum(self, nums):
        """
        :type nums: List[int]
        :rtype: List[List[int]]
        """
        def twoSum(start, target):
            l = start
            r = length-1
            while l < r:
                if nums[l] + nums[r] == target:
                    vl, vr = nums[l], nums[r]
                    ans.append([-target, vl, vr])
                    while l < r and nums[l] == vl:
                        l += 1
                    while l < r and nums[r] == vr:
                        r -= 1
                elif nums[l] + nums[r] < target:
                    l += 1
                else:
                    r -= 1


        length = len(nums)
        if length < 3:
            return []

        nums.sort()
        ans = []
        i = 0
        while i < length - 2:
            twoSum(i+1, -nums[i])
            vi = nums[i]
            while i < length - 2 and nums[i] == vi:
                i += 1

        return ans

Beat 29.20% python3 2018-06-13

优化：

class Solution:
    def threeSum(self, nums):
        """
        :type nums: List[int]
        :rtype: List[List[int]]
        """
        length = len(nums)
        nums.sort()
        ans = []
        i = 0
        for i in range(length-2):
            if nums[i] > 0:
                break
            if i > 0 and nums[i] == nums[i-1]:
                continue

            l = i+1
            r = length-1
            while l < r:
                s = nums[i] + nums[l] + nums[r]
                if s == 0:
                    ans.append([nums[i], nums[l], nums[r]])
                    while l < r and nums[l] == nums[l+1]:
                        l += 1
                    while l < r and nums[r] == nums[r-1]:
                        r -= 1
                    l, r = l+1, r-1
                elif s < 0:
                    l += 1
                else:
                    r -= 1

        return ans

Beat 90.56% python3 2018-06-13

思路：或者三个数全0，或者必定有一个整数，一个负数

class Solution:
    def threeSum(self, nums):
        """
        :type nums: List[int]
        :rtype: List[List[int]]
        """
        d = {}
        for n in nums:
            if n in d:
                d[n] += 1
            else:
                d[n] = 1

        ans = []
        if 0 in d and d[0] > 2:
            ans.append([0, 0, 0])

        negative = sorted(x for x in d if x < 0)
        positive = sorted(x for x in d if x >= 0)

        for n in negative:
            for p in positive:
                s = -(n + p)
                if s in d:
                    if s in (n, p) and d[s] > 1:
                        ans.append([n, p, s])
                    elif s < n:
                        ans.append([n, p, s])
                    elif p < s:
                        ans.append([n, p, s])
        return ans

Beat 100.00% python3 2018-06-13

152. Maximum Product Subarray

Given an integer array nums, find the contiguous subarray within an array (containing at least one number) which has the largest product.

Example 1:
Input: [2,3,-2,4]
Output: 6
Explanation: [2,3] has the largest product 6.

Example 2:
Input: [-2,0,-1]
Output: 0
Explanation: The result cannot be 2, because [-2,-1] is not a subarray.

思路：DP

class Solution:
    def maxProduct(self, nums):
        """
        :type nums: List[int]
        :rtype: int
        """
        dp_min = [0] * len(nums)
        dp_max = [0] * len(nums)

        ans = dp_min[0] = dp_max[0] = nums[0]
        for i in range(1, len(nums)):
            x, y = dp_max[i-1] * nums[i], dp_min[i-1] * nums[i]
            dp_max[i] = max(nums[i], x, y)
            dp_min[i] = min(nums[i], x, y)
            if ans < dp_max[i]:
                ans = dp_max[i]
        return ans

Beat 97.39% python3 2018-06-14