前文讲述了怎么用ArcMap制作了测试数据,并导入了PostGIS,接下来我们需要结合PgRouting插件,对入库的数据再进行一下处理。
1、在pgAdmin中,执行下面的sql语句
--添加起点字段source ALTER TABLE zy ADD COLUMN source integer;
--添加终点字段target ALTER table zy add column target integer;
--添加道路权重值字段 ALTER TABLE zy ADD COLUMN length double precision;
--建立拓扑关系,这里会为source和target字段赋值(表明,阈值,要素字段名,主键id) SELECT pgr_createTopology('zy', 0.00001, 'geom', 'gid'); ###这里在创建完拓扑,source和target赋值了以后,可以给上一篇文章中创建的点图层预留的Id字段赋值了(参看第5步)
--为source和target字段创建索引(加快查询速度) CREATE INDEX source_idx ON zy("source"); CREATE INDEX target_idx ON zy("target");
--添加线段端点坐标 ALTER TABLE ZY ADD COLUMN x1 double precision; --创建起点经度x1 ALTER TABLE ZY ADD COLUMN y1 double precision; --创建起点纬度y1 ALTER TABLE ZY ADD COLUMN x2 double precision; --创建起点经度x2 ALTER TABLE ZY ADD COLUMN y2 double precision; --创建起点经度y2 --给x1、y1、x2、y2赋值 UPDATE ZY SET x1 =ST_x(ST_PointN(geom, 1)); UPDATE ZY SET y1 =ST_y(ST_PointN(geom, 1)); UPDATE ZY SET x2 =ST_x(ST_PointN(geom, ST_NumPoints(geom))); UPDATE ZY SET y2 =ST_y(ST_PointN(geom, ST_NumPoints(geom)));
--为length赋值(以长度作为权重) UPDATE zy SET length =st_length(geom);
--将长度值赋给reverse_cost,作为路线选择标准(消耗) ALTER TABLE zy ADD COLUMN reverse_cost double precision; UPDATE zy SET reverse_cost = st_length(geom);
2、测试数据,如果执行下面的语句有结果,则表示数据预处理成功
--通过起点号、终点号查询最短路径 --source为线表起点字段名称 --target为线表终点字段名称 --起点终点前后顺序无固定要求 --length为长度字段,也可以使用自己的评价体系 --1、9为测试使用起点号\终点号 --zy表名 --id1经过节点号 --id2经过路网线的gid SELECT seq, id1 AS node, id2 AS edge, cost FROM pgr_dijkstra(' SELECT gid AS id, source::integer, target::integer, length::double precision AS cost FROM zy', 1, 4, false, false);
3、创建最短路径查询函数(核心)
-- Function: pgr_shortestpath(character varying, double precision, double precision, double precision, double precision)
-- DROP FUNCTION pgr_shortestpath(character varying, double precision, double precision, double precision, double precision);
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION pgr_shortestpath(
tbl character varying,
startx double precision,
starty double precision,
endx double precision,
endy double precision)
RETURNS geometry AS
$BODY$
declare
v_startLine geometry;--离起点最近的线
v_endLine geometry;--离终点最近的线
v_startTarget integer;--距离起点最近线的终点
v_startSource integer;
v_endSource integer;--距离终点最近线的起点
v_endTarget integer;
v_statpoint geometry;--在v_startLine上距离起点最近的点
v_endpoint geometry;--在v_endLine上距离终点最近的点
v_res geometry;--最短路径分析结果
v_res_a geometry;
v_res_b geometry;
v_res_c geometry;
v_res_d geometry;
v_perStart float;--v_statpoint在v_res上的百分比
v_perEnd float;--v_endpoint在v_res上的百分比
v_shPath_se geometry;--开始到结束
v_shPath_es geometry;--结束到开始
v_shPath geometry;--最终结果
tempnode float;
begin
--查询离起点最近的线
--3857坐标系
--找起点15米范围内的最近线
execute 'select geom, source, target from ' ||tbl||
' where ST_DWithin(geom,ST_Geometryfromtext(''point('||startx ||' ' || starty||')'',3857),15)
order by ST_Distance(geom,ST_GeometryFromText(''point('|| startx ||' '|| starty ||')'',3857)) limit 1'
into v_startLine, v_startSource ,v_startTarget;
--查询离终点最近的线
--找终点15米范围内的最近线
execute 'select geom, source, target from ' ||tbl||
' where ST_DWithin(geom,ST_Geometryfromtext(''point('|| endx || ' ' || endy ||')'',3857),15)
order by ST_Distance(geom,ST_GeometryFromText(''point('|| endx ||' ' || endy ||')'',3857)) limit 1'
into v_endLine, v_endSource,v_endTarget;
--如果没找到最近的线,就返回null
if (v_startLine is null) or (v_endLine is null) then
return null;
end if ;
--找到最近的点
select ST_ClosestPoint(v_startLine, ST_Geometryfromtext('point('|| startx ||' ' || starty ||')',3857)) into v_statpoint;
select ST_ClosestPoint(v_endLine, ST_GeometryFromText('point('|| endx ||' ' || endy ||')',3857)) into v_endpoint;
-- ST_Distance (下面是否可以直接用pgr_dijkstra函数,不做端点判断,待研究)
--从开始的起点到结束的起点最短路径
execute 'SELECT st_linemerge(st_union(b.geom)) ' ||
'FROM pgr_kdijkstraPath(
''SELECT gid as id, source, target, length as cost FROM ' || tbl ||''','
||v_startSource|| ', ' ||'array['||v_endSource||'] , false, false
) a, '
||tbl|| ' b
WHERE a.id3=b.gid
GROUP by id1
ORDER by id1' into v_res ;
--从开始的终点到结束的起点最短路径
execute 'SELECT st_linemerge(st_union(b.geom)) ' ||
'FROM pgr_kdijkstraPath(
''SELECT gid as id, source, target, length as cost FROM ' || tbl ||''','
||v_startTarget|| ', ' ||'array['||v_endSource||'] , false, false
) a, '
||tbl|| ' b
WHERE a.id3=b.gid
GROUP by id1
ORDER by id1' into v_res_b ;
--从开始的起点到结束的终点最短路径
execute 'SELECT st_linemerge(st_union(b.geom)) ' ||
'FROM pgr_kdijkstraPath(
''SELECT gid as id, source, target, length as cost FROM ' || tbl ||''','
||v_startSource || ', ' ||'array['||v_endTarget||'] , false, false
) a, '
|| tbl || ' b
WHERE a.id3=b.gid
GROUP by id1
ORDER by id1' into v_res_c ;
--从开始的终点到结束的终点最短路径
execute 'SELECT st_linemerge(st_union(b.geom)) ' ||
'FROM pgr_kdijkstraPath(
''SELECT gid as id, source, target, length as cost FROM ' || tbl ||''','
||v_startTarget || ', ' ||'array['||v_endTarget||'] , false, false
) a, '
|| tbl || ' b
WHERE a.id3=b.gid
GROUP by id1
ORDER by id1' into v_res_d ;
if(ST_Length(v_res) > ST_Length(v_res_b)) then
v_res = v_res_b;
end if;
if(ST_Length(v_res) > ST_Length(v_res_c)) then
v_res = v_res_c;
end if;
if(ST_Length(v_res) > ST_Length(v_res_d)) then
v_res = v_res_d;
end if;
--如果找不到最短路径,就返回null
--if(v_res is null) then
-- return null;
--end if;
--将v_res,v_startLine,v_endLine进行拼接 select ST_LineMerge(ST_Union(array[v_res,v_startLine,v_endLine])) into v_res;
raise notice '%', v_res;
select ST_Line_Locate_Point(v_res, v_statpoint) into v_perStart;
select ST_Line_Locate_Point(v_res, v_endpoint) into v_perEnd;
if(v_perStart > v_perEnd) then
tempnode = v_perStart;
v_perStart = v_perEnd;
v_perEnd = tempnode;
end if;
--截取v_res
--拼接线
SELECT ST_Line_SubString(v_res,v_perStart, v_perEnd) into v_shPath;
raise notice '%', v_shPath;
return v_shPath;
end;
$BODY$
LANGUAGE plpgsql VOLATILE STRICT
COST 100;
ALTER FUNCTION pgr_shortestpath(character varying, double precision, double precision, double precision, double precision)
OWNER TO postgres;
4、测试
在调用函数做测试的时候,遇到ST_Line_Locate_Point时报错:“line_locate_point : 1st arg isnt a line”,查资料解释说是函数第一个参数格式应该是LineString,我检查了一下我的v_res格式,是MultiLineString所以报错。(参考了PostGIS--线路合并方法比较 - 简书,在此谢谢作者大大,很详细)
知道原因以后怎么解决呢?还是个头疼的问题。我把查询出来的MultiLineString放到ArcMap中,图形化的显示出来,发现这两段竟然是不连通的两端,最后分析应该是数据不连通导致的,两点间查不到结果,没有最短路径。
在ArcMap中利用网络分析工具(networkAnalyse tool)试了一下也不行,果然是这原因,后来换了两个连通的点查询结果就没问题,所以函数没有问题,结果控制一下就行。
5、在创建拓扑时,有时候会遇到数据量非常大的情况,一次执行会非常消耗内存,这里建议分批创建
##推荐分批拓扑
select pgr_createTopology('zy',0.1,source:='source',id:='gid',target:='target',the_geom:='geom',rows_where:='gid < 50000')
select pgr_createTopology('zy',0.1,source:='source',id:='gid',target:='target',the_geom:='geom',rows_where:='gid >= 50000 and gid < 100000')
select pgr_createTopology('zy',0.1,source:='source',id:='gid',target:='target',the_geom:='geom',rows_where:='gid >= 100000 and gid < 150000')
select pgr_createTopology('zy',0.1,source:='source',id:='gid',target:='target',the_geom:='geom',rows_where:='gid >= 150000 and gid < 200000')
select pgr_createTopology('zy',0.1,source:='source',id:='gid',target:='target',the_geom:='geom',rows_where:='gid >= 200000 and gid < 250000')
select pgr_createTopology('zy',0.1,source:='source',id:='gid',target:='target',the_geom:='geom',rows_where:='gid >= 250000 and gid < 300000')
select pgr_createTopology('zy',0.1,source:='source',id:='gid',target:='target',the_geom:='geom',rows_where:='gid >= 300000 and gid < 350000')
select pgr_createTopology('zy',0.1,source:='source',id:='gid',target:='target',the_geom:='geom',rows_where:='gid >= 350000 and gid < 450000')