[转]Installing Jenkins on Ubuntu

On Debian-based distributions, such as Ubuntu, you can install Jenkins through apt-get.

Recent versions are available in an apt repository. Older but stable LTS versions are in this apt repository.

You need to have a JDK and JRE installed. openjdk-7-jre and openjdk-7-jdk are suggested. As of 2011-08 gcj is known to be problematic - see https://issues.jenkins-ci.org/browse/JENKINS-743.

Please make sure to back up any current Hudson or Jenkins files you may have.

Installation

wget -q -O - https://jenkins-ci.org/debian/jenkins-ci.org.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo sh -c 'echo deb http://pkg.jenkins-ci.org/debian binary/ \
> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/jenkins.list'
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install jenkins

gao@gao-VirtualBox:~$ sudo apt-get install jenkins
正在读取软件包列表... 完成
正在分析软件包的依赖关系树      
正在读取状态信息... 完成      
将会安装下列额外的软件包：
  ca-certificates-java daemon default-jre-headless icedtea-6-jre-cacao
  icedtea-6-jre-jamvm java-common openjdk-6-jre-headless openjdk-6-jre-lib
  tzdata-java
建议安装的软件包：
  default-jre equivs sun-java6-fonts ttf-dejavu-extra fonts-ipafont-gothic
  fonts-ipafont-mincho ttf-telugu-fonts ttf-oriya-fonts ttf-kannada-fonts
  ttf-bengali-fonts
下列【新】软件包将被安装：
  ca-certificates-java daemon default-jre-headless icedtea-6-jre-cacao
  icedtea-6-jre-jamvm java-common jenkins openjdk-6-jre-headless
  openjdk-6-jre-lib tzdata-java
升级了 0 个软件包，新安装了 10 个软件包，要卸载 0 个软件包，有 52 个软件包未被升级。
需要下载 105 MB 的软件包。
解压缩后会消耗掉 132 MB 的额外空间。
您希望继续执行吗？[Y/n]y

Upgrade

Once installed like this, you can update to the later version of Jenkins (when it comes out) by running the following commands:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install jenkins

(aptitude or apt-get doesn't make any difference.)

What does this package do?

• Jenkins will be launched as a daemon up on start. See /etc/init.d/jenkins for more details.
• The 'jenkins' user is created to run this service.
• Log file will be placed in /var/log/jenkins/jenkins.log. Check this file if you are troubleshooting Jenkins.
• /etc/default/jenkins will capture configuration parameters for the launch like e.g JENKINS_HOME
• By default, Jenkins listen on port 8080. Access this port with your browser to start configuration.

If your /etc/init.d/jenkins file fails to start jenkins, on line 108 you may change su -l <username> -c <command> with sudo -u <username> <command>. This fixed init.d script for me (icarito, July 2013).

Deploying on Ubuntu in a cloud (EC2, HP Cloud, OpenStack)

The Ubuntu Jenkins maintainer also maintains the Juju charm deployment/management script for deployment in clouds. It's designed to make it easy to deploy a master with multiple slaves:

juju deploy jenkins
juju deploy -n 5 jenkins-slave
juju add-relation jenkins jenkins-slave

The default password for the 'admin' account will be auto-generated. You can set it using:

juju set jenkins password=mypassword

Always change it this way - this account is used by the charm to manage slave configuration. Then feel free to expose your jenkins master:

juju expose jenkins

Setting up an Apache Proxy for port 80 -> 8080

• This configuration will setup Apache2 to proxy port 80 to 8080 so that you can keep Jenkins on 8080.
• sudo aptitude install apache2
• sudo a2enmod proxy
• sudo a2enmod proxy_http

do not do this next command if you already have virtual hosting setup that depends on the default site. See my comment below - danapsimer

• sudo a2dissite default
• Create a file called jenkins.conf in /etc/apache2/sites-available

<VirtualHost *:80>
	ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
	ServerName ci.company.com
	ServerAlias ci
	ProxyRequests Off
	<Proxy *>
		Order deny,allow
		Allow from all
	</Proxy>
	ProxyPreserveHost on
	ProxyPass / http://localhost:8080/ nocanon
	AllowEncodedSlashes NoDecode
</VirtualHost>

• sudo a2ensite jenkins
• sudo apache2ctl restart

Setting up an Nginx Proxy for port 80 -> 8080

This configuration will setup Nginx to proxy port 80 to 8080 so that you can keep Jenkins on 8080. Instructions originally found in a GitHub Gist from rdegges: https://gist.github.com/913102

• Install Nginx.

  sudo aptitude -y install nginx
  

• Remove default configuration.

  cd /etc/nginx/sites-available
  sudo rm default ../sites-enabled/default
  

• Create new configuration for Jenkins. This example uses cat, but you can use your favorite text editor. Make sure to replace 'ci.yourcompany.com' with your domain name.
  Note: Sometimes your permissions (umask, etc) might be setup such that this won't work. Create the file somewhere else then copy it into place if you run into that problem.

  sudo cat > jenkins
  upstream app_server {
      server 127.0.0.1:8080 fail_timeout=0;
  }
  
  server {
      listen 80;
      listen [::]:80 default ipv6only=on;
      server_name ci.yourcompany.com;
  
      location / {
          proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
          proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
          proxy_redirect off;
  
          if (!-f $request_filename) {
              proxy_pass http://app_server;
              break;
          }
      }
  }
  ^D # Hit CTRL + D to finish writing the file
  

• Link your configuration from sites-available to sites-enabled:

  sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/jenkins /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
  

• Restart Nginx

  sudo service nginx restart
  

Where to go from here?

• You might want to make Jenkins visible through Apache, to make it available on port 80 (for example, http://myserver/jenkins/ instead of http://myserver:8080/). See this blog for more details

原文网址：https://wiki.jenkins-ci.org/display/JENKINS/Installing+Jenkins+on+Ubuntu