JAVA WEB篇1——初始JAVAWEB

JAVA WEB篇1——初始JAVAWEB

JavaWeb主要指使用Java语言进行动态Web资源开发技术的统称，是解决相关Web互联网领域的技术总和

1、Http协议

• HTTP协议（HyperText Transfer Protocol，超文本传输协议）是由W3C（万维网联盟）组织制定 的一种应用层协议，是用来规范浏览器与Web服务器之间如何通讯的数据格式，主要涉及浏览器 的发请求格式和服务器的响应格式
• HTTP协议通常承载于TCP协议之上，而承载于TLS或SSL协议层之上的协议就是常说的HTTPS协 议
• HTTP默认的端口号为80，HTTPS默认的端口号为443

1.1、Http请求格式

请求行
	请求类型 请求的路径 协议的版本(1.1)
请求头
	主机 请求长度 请求的浏览器相关信息
空白行
	（一个空行）
请求体
	也叫请求数据，可以添加任意的其他数据

POST /task01_demo01/demo1.html HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8088
Content-Length: 21
Cache-Control: max-age=0
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64)
name=scott&pwd=123456

1.2、Http响应数据

响应行
	协议的版本(1.0 1.1) 状态码 (200 成功 404 路径错误 500 服务错误) 状态信息
响应头
	说明客户端要使用的一些附加信息，格式（key:value）
空白行
	（一个空行）
响应体
	服务器返回给客户端的文本信息

2、Tomcat

2.1、下载

Tomcat官网https://tomcat.apache.org/download-90.cgi

Tomcat 百度云：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1iEEptTiPXPLls3wBpSUg1g提取码：gv2h

解压到想安装的目录

添加环境变量

添加CATALINA_BASE变量

CATALINA_BASE
D:\apache-tomcat-9.0.31

添加CATALINA_HOME变量

CATALINA_HOME
D:\apache-tomcat-9.0.31

添加到PATH变量

%CATALINA_HOME%\bin;%CATALINA_HOME%\lib

2.2、卸载

删除目录，变量即可

2.3、启动

双击运行即可

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2.4、问题

2.4.1、乱码

打开配置文件

apache-tomcat-9.0.31\conf\logging.properties

修改配置

# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

handlers = 1catalina.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler, 2localhost.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler, 3manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler, 4host-manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler, java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler

.handlers = 1catalina.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler, java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler

############################################################
# Handler specific properties.
# Describes specific configuration info for Handlers.
############################################################

1catalina.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.level = FINE
1catalina.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.directory = ${catalina.base}/logs
1catalina.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.prefix = catalina.
1catalina.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.encoding = UTF-8

2localhost.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.level = FINE
2localhost.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.directory = ${catalina.base}/logs
2localhost.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.prefix = localhost.
2localhost.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.encoding = UTF-8

3manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.level = FINE
3manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.directory = ${catalina.base}/logs
3manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.prefix = manager.
3manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.encoding = UTF-8

4host-manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.level = FINE
4host-manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.directory = ${catalina.base}/logs
4host-manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.prefix = host-manager.
4host-manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.encoding = UTF-8

java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler.level = FINE
java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler.formatter = org.apache.juli.OneLineFormatter
java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler.encoding = GBK


############################################################
# Facility specific properties.
# Provides extra control for each logger.
############################################################

org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[Catalina].[localhost].level = INFO
org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[Catalina].[localhost].handlers = 2localhost.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler

org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[Catalina].[localhost].[/manager].level = INFO
org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[Catalina].[localhost].[/manager].handlers = 3manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler

org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[Catalina].[localhost].[/host-manager].level = INFO
org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[Catalina].[localhost].[/host-manager].handlers = 4host-manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler

# For example, set the org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase logger to log
# each component that extends LifecycleBase changing state:
#org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.level = FINE

# To see debug messages in TldLocationsCache, uncomment the following line:
#org.apache.jasper.compiler.TldLocationsCache.level = FINE

# To see debug messages for HTTP/2 handling, uncomment the following line:
#org.apache.coyote.http2.level = FINE

# To see debug messages for WebSocket handling, uncomment the following line:
#org.apache.tomcat.websocket.level = FINE

2.4.2、黑窗一闪而过

没有正确配置JAVA_HOME环境变量

2.5、启动报错

2.5.1、暴力

找到占用的端口号，并且找到对应的进程，杀死该进程

netstat -ano

2.5.2、温柔：修改自身的端口号

进入conf/server.xml

<Connector port="8888" protocol="HTTP/1.1" onnectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8445" />

一般会将tomcat的默认端口号修改为80,80端口号是http协议的默认端口号,在访问时，就不用输入端口号

2.6、配置项目

2.6.1、直接将项目放到webapps目录下即可。

/hello：项目的访问路径–>虚拟目录

简化部署：将项目打成一个war包，再将war包放置到webapps目录下，war包会自动解压缩

2.6.2、配置conf/server.xml文件

在标签体中配置

```

docBase:项目存放的路径 path：虚拟目录 ```

2.6.3、在conf\Catalina\localhost创建任意名称的xml文件。在文件中编写

<Context docBase="D:\hello" />
虚拟目录：xml文件的名称

3、IDEA集成Tomcat

3.1、打开IDEA，run—>edit configurations

3.2、添加tomcat server

3.3、创建项目