JAVA WEB篇2——Servlet

JAVA WEB篇2——Servlet

Servlet（Server Applet）是Java Servlet的简称，称为小服务程序或服务连接器，是Java语言编写 的服务器端程序，换句话说，Servlet就是运行在服务器上的Java类。 Servlet用来完成B/S架构下客户端请求的响应处理，也就是交互式地浏览和生成数据，生成动态Web内容

1、第一个servlet程序（servlet）

1.1、实现Servlet

public class HelloServlet implements Servlet {
    @Override
    public void init(ServletConfig servletConfig) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("servlet初始化");
    }

    @Override
    public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("servlet被访问了");
    }

    @Override
    public String getServletInfo() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("servlet销毁");
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>HelloServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

1.2、继承GenericServlet

public class HelloServlet extends GenericServlet {

    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("servlet被访问了");
    }
}

1.3、继承HttpServlet

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("servlet被访问了");
    }
}

1.4、Servlet注解

@WebServlet("/RuoyrServlet")
public class RuoyrServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("post");
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("get");
    }
}

2、Servlet的生命周期

创建（init）: 用户第一次访问servlet创建servlet的实例.

销毁（destroy）: 当项目从服务器移除,或服务器关闭的时候

3、请求参数的获取

方法声明	功能介绍
String getParameter(String name)	以字符串形式返回请求参数的值，如果该参数不存在，则返回空值
String[] getParameterValues( String name)	返回一个字符串对象数组，其中包含给定请求参数所具有的所有 值，如果该参数不存在，则返回空值
Enumeration getParameterNames()	返回包含此请求中包含的参数名称的字符串对象的枚举。如果请 求没有参数，则方法返回空枚举
Map getParameterMap()	返回请求参数的键值对，一个键可以对应多个值
String getRemoteAddr()	返回发送请求的客户端或最后一个代理的IP地址
int getRemotePort()	返回发送请求的客户端或最后一个代理的端口号
String getRequestURI()	返回此请求的资源路径信息
StringBuffer getRequestURL()	返回此请求的完整路径信息
String getMethod()	返回发出此请求的HTTP方法的名称，例如GET、POST
String getQueryString()	返回路径后面请求中附带的参数
String getServletPath()	返回此请求中调用servlet的路径部分

4、响应消息

@WebServlet("/RuoyrServlet")
public class RuoyrServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("post");
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("get");
        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF8");
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
        writer.write("我已收到请求");
    }
}

5、请求乱码处理

public class RuoyrServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("post");
        System.out.println(request.getParameter("name"));
        System.out.println(new String(request.getParameter("name").getBytes("ISO-8859-1"),"UTF8"));
        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF8");
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
        writer.write("我已收到请求");
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("get");
    }
}

6、ServletConfig、ServletContext

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>HelloServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>usernaame</param-name>
            <param-value>admin</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <context-param>
        <param-name>username</param-name>
        <param-value>ruoye</param-value>
    </context-param>
</web-app>

public class HelloServlet implements Servlet {

    @Override
    public void init(ServletConfig servletConfig) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println(servletConfig.getServletName());
        System.out.println(servletConfig.getInitParameter("username"));
        ServletContext servletContext = servletConfig.getServletContext();
        Enumeration<String> attributeNames = servletContext.getAttributeNames();
        while (attributeNames.hasMoreElements()){
            System.out.println(attributeNames.nextElement());
        }
    }

    @Override
    public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

    @Override
    public String getServletInfo() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {

    }
}