问答题
-
MySQL默认存储引擎?
InnoDB -
常见的数据库产品有哪些?
MySQL, SQL server, Oracle, sybase, DB2 -
写出MySQL常用命令:进入某个库,查询某个库中的所有表,创建数据库
Use demo, shou table, create database -
请写出MySQL常见的数据类型
数值型,浮点型,字符串型,日期型 -
请写出MySQL创建表的语法
CREATE TABLE table.name(
字段名称 字段数据类型[字段约束],
字段名称 字段数据类型[字段约束]
)
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MySQL中完整性约束有什么作用
用来限制表中数据准确性,完整性,一致性,联动性的一套规则 -
MySQL中LIMIT关键字是做什么用的,其参数代表什么意思
返回表中指定行范围的数据
第一个参数是起始位置
第二个参数是需要返回的参数 -
如何避免重复数据查询,请举例说明
添加DISTINCT
关键字 例如:SELECT DISTINCT clazz FROM stu_info
-
如何使用字符串拼接函数,请举例说明
SELECT concat('¥',price) FROM t_menu; 如¥2000
- 多表连接操作有哪些,区别是什么
自然连接:使用WHERE
条件讲两个表之间进行关联查询
内连接:内连接查询是可以使用自然连接查询替代的,但是效率方面,内连接会高
左外连接:以左表为主表,左表中的数据都会被显示出来,关联的右表中,如果存在符合条件的数据,那么或被关联出来并显示,如果没有,则会显示NULL
编程题
①学生表与分数表相关操作
系统初始了以下脚本数据:
向student表插入记录的INSERT语句如下:
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 901,‘张老大’, ‘男’,1985,‘计算机系’, ‘北京市海淀区’);
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 902,‘张老二’, ‘男’,1986,‘中文系’, ‘北京市昌平区’);
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 903,‘张三’, ‘女’,1990,‘中文系’, ‘湖南省永州市’);
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 904,‘李四’, ‘男’,1990,‘英语系’, ‘辽宁省阜新市’);
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 905,‘王五’, ‘女’,1991,‘英语系’, ‘福建省厦门市’);
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 906,‘王六’, ‘男’,1988,‘计算机系’, ‘湖南省衡阳市’);
向score表插入记录的INSERT语句如下:
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, ‘计算机’,98);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, ‘英语’, 80);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, ‘计算机’,65);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, ‘中文’,88);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,903, ‘中文’,95);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, ‘计算机’,70);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, ‘英语’,92);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,905, ‘英语’,94);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, ‘计算机’,90);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, ‘英语’,85);
②表名 student_score
name | course | score |
---|---|---|
张三 | 语文 | 81 |
张三 | 数学 | 75 |
李四 | 语文 | 76 |
李四 | 数学 | 90 |
王五 | 语文 | 81 |
王五 | 数学 | 100 |
王五 | 英语 | 90 |
回答
1、创建student和score表语句
CREATE TABLE student(
id INT(10) PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
sex VARCHAR(4),
birth YEAR,
department VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
address VARCHAR(50)
);
CREATE TABLE score(
id INT(10) PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
stu_id INT(10) NOT NULL,
c_name VARCHAR(20),
grade INT(10)
);
2、查询student表的所有记录
SELECT * FROM student;
3、查询student表的第2条到第4条记录
SELECT * FROM student LIMIT 1 , 3;
4、从student表查询所有学生的学号(id)、姓名(name) 和院系(department) 的信息
SELECT id AS '学号',name AS '名字',department AS '院系' FROM student;
5、从student表中查询计算机系和英语系的学生的信息(用 IN 关键字)
SELECT * FROM student WHERE department IN ('计算机系','英语系');
6、从student表中查询年龄28~32的学生信息(用 BETWEEN AND)
SELECT * FROM student WHERE YEAR(NOW())-birth BETWEEBB 28 ABD 32;
7、从student表中查询每个院系有多少人
SELECT department AS '院系',COUNT(*) AS '该院人数' FROM student GROUP BY department;
8、从score表中查询每个科目的最高分
SELECT c_name AS '科目名称',MAX(grade) AS '最高分' FROM score GROUP BY c_name;
9、查询李四的考试科目(c_name)和考试成绩(grade)
SELECT s.name AS '姓名',c.name AS '课程名称',grade AS '课程分数'
FROM score AS c LEFT JOIN student AS s ON c.stu_id = s.id
WHERE s.name = '李四';
10、用连接的方式查询所有学生的信息和考试信息
SELECT * FROM score AS c LEFT JOIN student AS S ON c.stu_id = s.id;
11、计算每个学生的总成绩
SELECT s.name AS '姓名',SUM(c.grade) AS '总成绩' FROM score AS c
LEFT JOIN student AS s ON c.stu_id = s,id GROUP BY s.name;
12、计算每个考试科目的平均成绩
SELECT c_name AS '课程名称',AVG(grade) AS '平均成绩' FROM score GROUP BY c.name;
13、查询计算机成绩低于95的学生信息
-- 第一种
SELECT s.* FROM score AS c LEFT JOIN student AS s ON c.stu_id = s.id
WHERE c.c_name = '计算机' AND c.grade < 95;
-- 第二种
SELECT * FROM student WHERE id IN (SELECT stu_id FROM score WHERE c.name = '计算机' AND grade < 95);
14、查询同时参加计算机和英语考试的学生的信息
-- 第一种
SELECT * FROM student WHERE id IN
(SELECT stu_id FROM score WHERE c_name = '计算机' OR c_name = '英语' FROUP BY stu_id HAVING COUNT(*) = 2);
-- 第二种
SELECT * FROM student WHERE id IN
(SELECT stu_id FROM score WHERE stu_id IN(SELECT stu_id FROM score WHERE c_name = '计算机') AND c_name = '英语');
-- 第三种
SELECT grade AS '计算机' FROM score WHERE c_name = '英语' ORDER BY grade DESC;
15、将计算机开始成绩按从高到低进行排序
SELECT grade AS '计算机考试成绩' FROM score WHERE c_name = '计算机' ORDER BY grade DESE;
16、从student表和score表中查询出学生的学号,然后合并查询结果
SELECT id AS '学号' FROM studnet
UNION
SELECT DISTINCT stu_id AS '学号' FROM score;
17、查询姓张或者姓王的同学的姓名、院系和考试科目及成绩
SELECT s,name AS '姓名',s.department AS '院系',c.c_name AS '考试科目',c.grade AS '成绩'
FROM score AS c LEFT JOIN student AS s ON c.stu_id = s.id
WHERE s.name LIKE '张%' OR s.name LIKE '王%';
18、查询都是湖南的学生的姓名、年龄、院系和考试科目及成绩
SELECT s.name AS '姓名',YEAR(NOW())-s.birth AS '年龄',s.department AS '院系',c_name AS '考试科目',c.grade AS '成绩'
FROM score AS c LEFT JOIN student AS s ON c.stu_id = s.id
WHERE s.address LIKE '湖南%';
19、用一条 SQL 语句,查询出每门课都大于80分的学生姓名
-- 第一种
SELECT DISTINCT name FROM student_score
WHERE name NOT IN (SELECT DISTINCT name FROM student_score WHERE score <= 80);
-- 第二种
SELECT name FROM student_score GROUP BY name HAVING MIN(score) > 80;
20、查询出【张】姓学生中平均成绩大于75分的学生信息
SELECT *
FROM student_score
WHERE name IN (SELECT name FROM student_score
WHERE name LIKE '张%'
GROUP BY name
HAVING AVG(score) > 75);