责任链设计模式(Chain of Responsibility pattern)

 

这是完整的责任链设计模式过程，通过学习，让我解决了实际当中的很多问题。

                                        -----------------------   I'm very grateful to Design Patterns

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UML class diagram

 

 

 

 

 

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participants

    The classes and/or objects participating in this pattern are:

• Handler   (Approver)
  • defines an interface for handling the requests
  • (optional) implements the successor link
• ConcreteHandler   (Director, VicePresident, President)
  • handles requests it is responsible for
  • can access its successor
  • if the ConcreteHandler can handle the request, it does so; otherwise it forwards the request to its successor
• Client   (ChainApp)
  • initiates the request to a ConcreteHandler object on the chain

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sample code in C#

This structural code demonstrates the Chain of Responsibility pattern in which several linked objects (the Chain) are offered the opportunity to respond to a request or hand it off to the object next in line.

 

// Chain of Responsibility pattern -- Structural example using System; namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Chain.Structural { /// <summary> /// MainApp startup class for Structural /// Chain of Responsibility Design Pattern. /// </summary> class MainApp { /// <summary> /// Entry point into console application. /// </summary> static void Main() { // Setup Chain of Responsibility Handler h1 = new ConcreteHandler1(); Handler h2 = new ConcreteHandler2(); Handler h3 = new ConcreteHandler3(); h1.SetSuccessor(h2); h2.SetSuccessor(h3); // Generate and process request int[] requests = { 2, 5, 14, 22, 18, 3, 27, 20 }; foreach (int request in requests) { h1.HandleRequest(request); } // Wait for user Console.ReadKey(); } } /// <summary> /// The 'Handler' abstract class /// </summary> abstract class Handler { protected Handler successor; public void SetSuccessor(Handler successor) { this.successor = successor; } public abstract void HandleRequest(int request); } /// <summary> /// The 'ConcreteHandler1' class /// </summary> class ConcreteHandler1 : Handler { public override void HandleRequest(int request) { if (request >= 0 && request < 10) { Console.WriteLine("{0} handled request {1}", this.GetType().Name, request); } else if (successor != null) { successor.HandleRequest(request); } } } /// <summary> /// The 'ConcreteHandler2' class /// </summary> class ConcreteHandler2 : Handler { public override void HandleRequest(int request) { if (request >= 10 && request < 20) { Console.WriteLine("{0} handled request {1}", this.GetType().Name, request); } else if (successor != null) { successor.HandleRequest(request); } } } /// <summary> /// The 'ConcreteHandler3' class /// </summary> class ConcreteHandler3 : Handler { public override void HandleRequest(int request) { if (request >= 20 && request < 30) { Console.WriteLine("{0} handled request {1}", this.GetType().Name, request); } else if (successor != null) { successor.HandleRequest(request); } } } } Output ConcreteHandler1 handled request 2 ConcreteHandler1 handled request 5 ConcreteHandler2 handled request 14 ConcreteHandler3 handled request 22 ConcreteHandler2 handled request 18 ConcreteHandler1 handled request 3 ConcreteHandler3 handled request 27 ConcreteHandler3 handled request 20

 

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This real-world code demonstrates the Chain of Responsibility pattern in which several linked managers and executives can respond to a purchase request or hand it off to a superior. Each position has can have its own set of rules which orders they can approve.

 

// Chain of Responsibility pattern -- Real World example using System; namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Chain.RealWorld { /// <summary> /// MainApp startup class for Real-World /// Chain of Responsibility Design Pattern. /// </summary> class MainApp { /// <summary> /// Entry point into console application. /// </summary> static void Main() { // Setup Chain of Responsibility Approver larry = new Director(); Approver sam = new VicePresident(); Approver tammy = new President(); larry.SetSuccessor(sam); sam.SetSuccessor(tammy); // Generate and process purchase requests Purchase p = new Purchase(2034, 350.00, "Supplies"); larry.ProcessRequest(p); p = new Purchase(2035, 32590.10, "Project X"); larry.ProcessRequest(p); p = new Purchase(2036, 122100.00, "Project Y"); larry.ProcessRequest(p); // Wait for user Console.ReadKey(); } } /// <summary> /// The 'Handler' abstract class /// </summary> abstract class Approver { protected Approver successor; public void SetSuccessor(Approver successor) { this.successor = successor; } public abstract void ProcessRequest(Purchase purchase); } /// <summary> /// The 'ConcreteHandler' class /// </summary> class Director : Approver { public override void ProcessRequest(Purchase purchase) { if (purchase.Amount < 10000.0) { Console.WriteLine("{0} approved request# {1}", this.GetType().Name, purchase.Number); } else if (successor != null) { successor.ProcessRequest(purchase); } } } /// <summary> /// The 'ConcreteHandler' class /// </summary> class VicePresident : Approver { public override void ProcessRequest(Purchase purchase) { if (purchase.Amount < 25000.0) { Console.WriteLine("{0} approved request# {1}", this.GetType().Name, purchase.Number); } else if (successor != null) { successor.ProcessRequest(purchase); } } } /// <summary> /// The 'ConcreteHandler' class /// </summary> class President : Approver { public override void ProcessRequest(Purchase purchase) { if (purchase.Amount < 100000.0) { Console.WriteLine("{0} approved request# {1}", this.GetType().Name, purchase.Number); } else { Console.WriteLine( "Request# {0} requires an executive meeting!", purchase.Number); } } } /// <summary> /// Class holding request details /// </summary> class Purchase { private int _number; private double _amount; private string _purpose; // Constructor public Purchase(int number, double amount, string purpose) { this._number = number; this._amount = amount; this._purpose = purpose; } // Gets or sets purchase number public int Number { get { return _number; } set { _number = value; } } // Gets or sets purchase amount public double Amount { get { return _amount; } set { _amount = value; } } // Gets or sets purchase purpose public string Purpose { get { return _purpose; } set { _purpose = value; } } } } Output Director Larry approved request# 2034 President Tammy approved request# 2035 Request# 2036 requires an executive meeting!

 

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这是完整的责任链设计模式过程，通过学习，让我解决了实际当中的很多问题。