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http://zhangjunhd.blog.51cto.com/113473/70300
在并发环境下,解决共享资源冲突问题时,可以考虑使用锁机制。
1.对象的锁
所有对象都自动含有单一的锁。
JVM负责跟踪对象被加锁的次数。如果一个对象被解锁,其计数变为0。在任务(线程)第一次给对象加锁的时候,计数变为1。每当这个相同的任务(线程)在此对象上获得锁时,计数会递增。
只有首先获得锁的任务(线程)才能继续获取该对象上的多个锁。
每当任务离开一个synchronized方法,计数递减,当计数为0的时候,锁被完全释放,此时别的任务就可以使用此资源。
2.synchronized同步块
2.1同步到单一对象锁
当使用同步块时,如果方法下的同步块都同步到一个对象上的锁,则所有的任务(线程)只能互斥的进入这些同步块。
Resource1.java演示了三个线程(包括main线程)试图进入某个类的三个不同的方法的同步块中,虽然这些同步块处在不同的方法中,但由于是同步到同一个对象(当前对象
synchronized
(
this
)),所以对它们的方法依然是互斥的。
Resource1.java
package com.zj.lock;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class Resource2 {
private Object
syncObject1 =
new Object();
private Object
syncObject2 =
new Object();
public void f() {
// other operations should not be locked...
System.
out.println(Thread.
currentThread().getName()
+
":not synchronized in f()");
synchronized (
this) {
for (
int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.
out.println(Thread.
currentThread().getName()
+
":synchronized in f()");
try {
TimeUnit.
SECONDS.sleep(3);
}
catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
public void g() {
// other operations should not be locked...
System.
out.println(Thread.
currentThread().getName()
+
":not synchronized in g()");
synchronized (
syncObject1) {
for (
int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.
out.println(Thread.
currentThread().getName()
+
":synchronized in g()");
try {
TimeUnit.
SECONDS.sleep(3);
}
catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
public void h() {
// other operations should not be locked...
System.
out.println(Thread.
currentThread().getName()
+
":not synchronized in h()");
synchronized (
syncObject2) {
for (
int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.
out.println(Thread.
currentThread().getName()
+
":synchronized in h()");
try {
TimeUnit.
SECONDS.sleep(3);
}
catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
final Resource2 rs =
new Resource2();
new Thread() {
public void run() {
rs.f();
}
}.start();
new Thread() {
public void run() {
rs.g();
}
}.start();
rs.h();
}
}
|
结果:
Thread-0:not synchronized in f()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:not synchronized in h()
main:synchronized in h()
Thread-1:not synchronized in g()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:synchronized in h()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:synchronized in h()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:synchronized in h()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:synchronized in h()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
3.Lock对象锁
除了使用synchronized外,还可以使用Lock对象来创建临界区。Resource3.java的演示效果同Resource1.java;Resource4.java的演示效果同Resource2.java。
Resource3.java
package com.zj.lock;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class Resource4 {
private Lock
lock1 =
new ReentrantLock();
private Lock
lock2 =
new ReentrantLock();
private Lock
lock3 =
new ReentrantLock();
public void f() {
// other operations should not be locked...
System.
out.println(Thread.
currentThread().getName()
+
":not synchronized in f()");
lock1.lock();
try {
for (
int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.
out.println(Thread.
currentThread().getName()
+
":synchronized in f()");
try {
TimeUnit.
SECONDS.sleep(3);
}
catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
finally {
lock1.unlock();
}
}
public void g() {
// other operations should not be locked...
System.
out.println(Thread.
currentThread().getName()
+
":not synchronized in g()");
lock2.lock();
try {
for (
int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.
out.println(Thread.
currentThread().getName()
+
":synchronized in g()");
try {
TimeUnit.
SECONDS.sleep(3);
}
catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
finally {
lock2.unlock();
}
}
public void h() {
// other operations should not be locked...
System.
out.println(Thread.
currentThread().getName()
+
":not synchronized in h()");
lock3.lock();
try {
for (
int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.
out.println(Thread.
currentThread().getName()
+
":synchronized in h()");
try {
TimeUnit.
SECONDS.sleep(3);
}
catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
finally {
lock3.unlock();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
final Resource4 rs =
new Resource4();
new Thread() {
public void run() {
rs.f();
}
}.start();
new Thread() {
public void run() {
rs.g();
}
}.start();
rs.h();
}
}
|
结果:
Thread-0:not synchronized in f()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:not synchronized in h()
main:synchronized in h()
Thread-1:not synchronized in g()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:synchronized in h()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:synchronized in h()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:synchronized in h()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:synchronized in h()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()