互联网之父的初衷是为了工作交接中的信息管理

   我找到Tim Berners-Lee的一个文献，讲述了为了工作交接而设计了超文本。请与代码管理、svn等问题一起学习。
原文来自 http://www.w3.org/History/1989/proposal.html

   下面是我翻译的引文。

 
CERN is a wonderful organisation. It involves several thousand people, many of them very creative, all working toward common goals. Although they are nominally organised into a hierarchical management structure,this does not constrain the way people will communicate, and share information, equipment and software across groups.

 欧洲核子研究中心是一个奇妙的的组织。它涉及数千人，其中很多是非常有创意，所有工作朝着共同的目标。虽然他们名义上组织成一个分层管理结构，这并不限制人们沟通的方式，和各群体之间的信息共享，设备和软件。

The actual observed working structure of the organisation is a multiply connected “web” whose interconnections evolve with time. In this environment, a new person arriving, or someone taking on a new task, is normally given a few hints as to who would be useful people to talk to. Information about what facilities exist and how to find out about them travels in the corridor gossip and occasional newsletters, and the details about what is required to be done spread in a similar way. All things considered, the result is remarkably successful, despite occasional misunderstandings and duplicated effort.

该组织实际观察到的结构是随着时间高度互连的“网”。在这种环境下，一个新人到达，或有人接到一个新任务，通常是从闲聊的人聊天得到一些提示。那些“存在哪些设施”以及“如何了解他们”的信息需要在走廊里八卦，和偶然的邮件，“什么是需要做的”细节也以类似的方式传播。所有事情都经过考虑，结果非常成功，除了偶尔误解和重复劳动。

A problem, however, is the high turnover of people. When two years is a typical length of stay, information is constantly being lost. The introduction of the new people demands a fair amount of their time and that of others before they have any idea of what goes on. The technical details of past projects are sometimes lost forever, or only recovered after a detective investigation in an emergency. Often, the information has been recorded, it just cannot be found.

 然而，一个问题是人员的高度流动。如果两年是典型的逗留长度，信息是不断丢失。在新人知道该做什么之前，对新人的介绍需要花费他自己和他人的相当多的时间。过去的项目中的技术细节有时永远失去了，或在临时抱佛脚的侦探调查后才恢复。通常情况下，信息已被记录，它只是难以找到。

If a CERN experiment were a static once-only development, all the information could be written in a big book. As it is, CERN is constantly changing as new ideas are produced, as new technology becomes available, and in order to get around unforeseen technical problems. When a change is necessary, it normally affects only a small part of the organisation. A local reason arises for changing a part of the experiment or detector. At this point, one has to dig around to find out what other parts and people will be affected. Keeping a book up to date becomes impractical, and the structure of the book needs to be constantly revised.

如果欧洲核子研究中心实验是静态的一次性开发，所有的信息可以写成一本大书。有目共睹，欧洲核子研究中心是不断变化的，在新思路产生时，在新技术可用时，在克服不可预见的技术问题时。当一个改变是必要的，它通常只影响该组织的一小部分。一个局部的原因导致一部分实验或探测器的改变。此时，某人不得不找出其他什么地区和人员会受到影响。保持一本最新的书变得不切实际，书的结构需要不断修正。

The sort of information we are discussing answers, for example, questions like
 •    Where is this module used?
 •    Who wrote this code?  Where does he work?
 •    What documents exist about that concept?
 •    Which laboratories are included in that project?
 •    Which systems depend on this device?
 •    What documents refer to this one?
The problems of information loss may be particularly acute at CERN, but in this case (as in certain others), CERN is a model in miniature of the rest of world in a few years time. CERN meets now some problems which the rest of the world will have to face soon. In 10 years, there may be many commercial solutions to the problems above, while today we need something to allow us to continue .

 

我们正在讨论的这类信息，可以回答这样的问题，如：
 •在哪里使用这个模块？
 •谁写的这个代码？他在哪里工作？
 •关于这一概念有什么样的文件？
 •哪个实验室都包含在该项目？
 •什么系统取决于此设备？
 •什么样的文件参考了这个？
在欧洲核子研究中心，信息丢失的问题可能尤为严重，但在这种情况下（如某些人），欧洲核子研究中心是一个微缩的世界。欧洲核子研究中心现在遇到一些问题，世界的其余部分将很快不得不面对的。在10年中，对上述问题可能有许多商业解决方案，而今天，我们需要什么东西让我们继续。