PV操作

#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
union semun
{
    int val;
    struct semid_ds *buf;
    unsigned short *array;
};

static int set_semvalue(void);
static void del_semvalue(void);
static int semaphore_p(void);
static int semaphore_v(void);
static int sem_id;
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
    int i;
    int pause_time;
    char op_char='o';
    srand((unsigned int)getpid());
    sem_id=semget((key_t)1234,1,0666|IPC_CREAT);
    if(argc>1)
    {
        if(!set_semvalue())
        {
            fprintf(stderr,"Failed to initialize semaphore\n");
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
        op_char='X';
        sleep(2);
    }
    for(i=0;i<10;i++)
    {
        if(!semaphore_p()) exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        printf("%c",op_char);fflush(stdout);
        pause_time=rand()%3;
        sleep(pause_time);
        printf("%c",op_char);fflush(stdout);
        if(!semaphore_v()) exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        pause_time=rand()%2;
        sleep(pause_time);
    }
    printf("\n%d-finished\n",getpid());
    if(argc>1)
    {
        sleep(10);
        del_semvalue();
    }
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
static int set_semvalue(void)
{
    union semun sem_union;
    sem_union.val=1;
    if(semctl(sem_id,0,SETVAL,sem_union)==-1) return(0);
    return(1);
}
static void del_semvalue(void)
{
    union semun sem_union;
    if(semctl(sem_id,0,IPC_RMID,sem_union)==-1)
    fprintf(stderr,"Failed to delete semaphore\n");
}
static int semaphore_p(void)
{
    struct sembuf sem_b;
    sem_b.sem_num=0;
    sem_b.sem_op=-1;
    sem_b.sem_flg=SEM_UNDO;
    if(semop(sem_id,&sem_b,1)==-1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"semaphore_p failedd\n");
        return(0);
    }
    return(1);
}
static int semaphore_v(void)
{
    struct sembuf sem_b;
    sem_b.sem_num=0;
    sem_b.sem_op=1;
    sem_b.sem_flg=SEM_UNDO;
    if(semop(sem_id,&sem_b,1)==-1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"semaphore_v failedd\n");
        return(0);

    }

    return(1);
}

在这里，有一个问题需要解释一下，就是关于#include “semun.h”这个会报错，找不到这个文件，但是在sem.h有定义如下：

struct sembuf
{
  unsigned short int sem_num; /* semaphore number */
  short int sem_op; /* semaphore operation */
  short int sem_flg; /* operation flag */
};

故，我们只需要添加一个联合体就可以了：

union semun
{
    int val;
    struct semid_ds *buf;
    unsigned short *array;
};

另外还得补充一下这个程序改怎么运行，先输入 ./sem 1 &运行开始后在输入./sem