Linux环境下通过二进制包安装MySQL

MySQL常用的安装方式有三种，yum源直接下载安装、编译好的二进制包安装、源码编译安装。无论生产还是测试，最常用的安装方式，基本上都是二进制包的方式，简单快捷，满足了多数需求。

MySQL官方下载地址：https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/

环境准备

1.安装MySQL需要的依赖，libaio，没有这个MySQL安装后就起不来了。

root # yum install -y libaio

2.创建相关目录和用户并授权

root # mkdir -p /data/mysql/data
root # mkdir -p /data/mysql/base
root # mkdir /data/mysql/etc
root # mkdir -p /data/mysql/log/binlog
root # mkdir /data/mysql/tmp

# 创建mysql用户，但不允许登录
root # groupadd mysql
root # useradd  -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql

# 授权目录
root # chown -R mysql. /data/mysql

安装mysql

1.下载mysql二进制包，并解压到base目录下。

root # cd /opt
root # wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.44-el7-x86_64.tar.gz
root # tar xf mysql-5.7.44-el7-x86_64.tar.gz -C /data/mysql/base/
root # cd /data/mysql/base/
root # mv mysql-5.7.44-el7-x86_64/ 5.7.44

2.配置mysql的环境变量

root # vim /etc/profile
...
export MYSQL_HOME=/data/mysql/base/5.7.44
export PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin

#使环境变量生效
root # source /etc/profile

3.在mysql的etc目录下添加my.cnf文件，并实际情况修改内容

root # vim /data/mysql/etc/my.cnf
[client]
port							= 3306
user							= root
socket                          = /data/mysql/data/mysql_3306.sock

[mysql]
prompt                          ='[\c][Conn:\C][\R:\\m:\\s][\U][\d]> '
default-character-set           = utf8mb4
#prompt                         ='\U[\d]> '
tee                             = /data/mysql/data/mysql_operation.log

[mysqld]
# Base Config
server_id = 4673
basedir							    = /data/mysql/base/5.7.44
datadir							    = /data/mysql/data
tmpdir							    = /data/mysql/tmp
secure_file_priv				    = /data/mysql/tmp
pid-file						    = mysqld.pid
socket							    = /data/mysql/data/mysql_3306.sock
user						    	= mysql
port						    	= 3306
default_storage_engine		    	= InnoDB
character_set_server			    = utf8mb4
skip_slave_start				    = 1
skip-name-resolve			    	= 1
skip-external-locking		    	= 1
lower_case_table_names		    	= 1
query_cache_type           	    	= 0
query_cache_size            	    = 0
max_connections				        = 1000
default-time-zone 				    = '+8:00'
log_timestamps					    = SYSTEM

# InnoDB config
innodb_strict_mode					        = 1
innodb_file_per_table					    = 1
innodb_stats_on_metadata				    = 0
innodb_flush_method				    	    = O_DIRECT
innodb_log_files_in_group				    = 3
innodb_data_file_path					    = ibdata1:1G:autoextend
innodb_buffer_pool_size					    = 1G
innodb_log_file_size					    = 256M
innodb_log_buffer_size					    = 32M
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct				    = 60
innodb_io_capacity					        = 400
innodb_buffer_pool_instances				= 8
innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_startup			= 1
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown			= 1
innodb_undo_logs 					        = 128
innodb_undo_tablespaces					    = 3
innodb_flush_neighbors					    = 1

# Cache config
key_buffer_size						= 8M
tmp_table_size						= 32M
max_heap_table_size					= 32M
thread_cache_size					= 1000
table_open_cache					= 2048
open_files_limit					= 65535
max_allowed_packet					= 32M

# Log config
log_error						    = mysql-error.log
slow_query_log_file					= mysql-slow.log
relay-log						    = mysql-relay
log-bin							    = mysql-bin
slow_query_log						= 1
long_query_time						= 0.2
#log_slow_admin_statements			= 1
#log_slow_slave_statements			= 1

# Semisync config
plugin-load                   				= "rpl_semi_sync_master=semisync_master.so;rpl_semi_sync_slave=semisync_slave.so"
rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled				= 1
rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled				    = 1

# Replication config
slave-parallel-type					= LOGICAL_CLOCK
slave-parallel-workers				= 8
expire_logs_days					= 14
binlog_format						= row
log_slave_updates					= ON
binlog_checksum						= NONE
max_binlog_size						= 250M
binlog_cache_size					= 2M
sync_binlog						    = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit		= 1
relay-log-info-repository		    = TABLE
master_info_repository				= TABLE
relay_log_recovery					= 1
binlog_rows_query_log_events	    = 1
log_bin_trust_function_creators     = 1

# GTID
gtid-mode						    = ON
enforce-gtid-consistency			= 1


# Performance Schema
performance-schema-instrument           		= 'wait/lock/metadata/sql/mdl=ON'

4.初始化数据目录，初始化mysql数据目录有两种方式，一种带mysql管理用户root的随机密码，一种是空密码。

# 无密码
root # mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/etc/my.cnf --initialize-insecure --user=mysql

# 有密码，密码在mysql data目录下的error log中。
mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --initialize --user=mysql

启动mysql

1.配置mysql启动文件

root # vim /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
Type=forking
PIDFile=/data/mysql/data/mysqld.pid
TimeoutSec=0
ExecStart=/data/mysql/base/5.7.44/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/etc/my.cnf --daemonize $MYSQLD_OPTS
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/mysql
LimitNOFILE = 65535
Restart=on-failure
RestartPreventExitStatus=1
Environment=MYSQLD_PARENT_PID=1
PrivateTmp=false

2.启动mysql，加入开机自启，并连接测试

root # systemctl start mysqld.service
root # systemctl enable mysqld

# 连接测试
root # mysql -uroot -p -S /data/mysql/data/mysql_3306.sock
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.44-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

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