Linux下安装MySQL有三种方式:
第一种以rpm的二进制文件分个安装,
第二种是自己编译源码后安装,
第三种是以二进制tar.gz文件来安装
由于最后一种是统一的整体文件,故本文将采用此方式来进行安装。
1、首先到mysql的下载中心上下载最新的tar.gz包,网站:http://www.mysql.com/downloads/
2、下载后得到文件mysql-5.6.10-linux-glibc2.5-i686.tar.gz,然后将其解压,并重命名为mysql,使用mv命令将其移到/usr/local目录下
1 | sudo mv ~/下载/mysql /usr/local |
提示:其中文本文件INSTALL-BINARY详细的记录了mysql在Linux下的安装方法,英文好的同鞋可以直接的查看
3、mysql默认的安装目录就是在/usr/local/mysql,这就是上面为什么我们要将其移动在/uer/local下的原因;如果在你的机器上以前安装有老板本的mysql,需要先将它的文件删除,同时注意删除老板本的etc/my.cnf文件和/etc/mysql目录,这两个文件控制的是mysql的一些配置属性。
(一定要清除老版本或原来的在etc下的任何my.cnf文件,就算cp mysql_bak备份也不行,只要etc中存在my.cnf不管是在哪个文件夹,在后面的安装中都会有错误或者警告)
4、先要创建的一个名为mysql的用户组和用户,来承载mysql数据库的运行,使用如下命令:
创建用户组:
在创建的用户组中创建一个用户:
1 | sudo useradd -r -g mysql mysql |
这里使用sudo命令是确保以root权限执行此命令,如果你登入本机的用户是root用户,则直接的使用groupadd和useradd命令
题外话:对应删除用户组及用户的命令是groupdel和userdel。
5、接着进入mysql目录,修改mysql目录的拥有者,为mysql用户:
这里的点“.”代表的就是当前目录,选项-R表示递归当前目录及其子目录
6、安装mysql,执行命令:
1 | sudo scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql |
正确输出:
01 | root @tianbaoxing -virtual-machine:/usr/local/mysql# sudo scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql |
02 | Installing MySQL system tables... |
04 | Filling help tables... |
07 | To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy |
08 | support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system |
10 | PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER ! |
11 | To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands: |
13 | ./bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password' |
14 | ./bin/mysqladmin -u root -h tianbaoxing-virtual-machine password 'new-password' |
16 | Alternatively you can run: |
17 | ./bin/mysql_secure_installation |
19 | which will also give you the option of removing the test |
20 | databases and anonymous user created by default . This is |
21 | strongly recommended for production servers. |
23 | See the manual for more instructions. |
25 | You can start the MySQL daemon with: |
26 | cd . ; ./bin/mysqld_safe & |
28 | You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl |
29 | cd ./mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl |
31 | Please report any problems with the ./bin/mysqlbug script! |
注意:在Ubuntu 12.04下安装mysql 5.5.28版本执行此命令时,会提示如下错误的信息:
1 | root @tianbaoxing -virtual-machine:/usr/local/mysql# sudo scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql |
2 | Installing MySQL system tables..../bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: |
3 | libaio.so. 1 : cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory |
这说明还要安装一个libaio的依赖库,执行如下命令:
1 | sudo apt-get install libaio-dev |
当我执行上面的命令有报错错误2
1 | root @tianbaoxing -virtual-machine:/usr/local/mysql# sudo apt-get install libaio-dev |
4 | E: Encountered a section with no Package: header |
5 | E: Problem with MergeList /var/lib/apt/lists/cn.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise_main_i18n_Translation-en |
6 | E: 无法解析或打开软件包的列表或是状态文件。 |
解决:
提示的是上面的mirror站点的packages入口文件无法解析或打开.
我干脆就直接把lists文件夹里的文件全部删除掉, 然后再update一下就好了.
1 | sudo rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* |
7/执行完上面的命令后,其实就已经完成了mysql的安装,但为了数据库的安全,可以将mysql目录的拥有者改为root用户,并将生成的系统依赖数据赋给mysql用户,执行如下命令:
8/安装好mysql后,就可以试着启动它,使用如下命令:
1 | sudo ./support-files/mysql.server start |
同样重启和停止,只需要将上面命令的start改为restart或stop。
9/启动完mysql后,使用“./bin/mysql”命令来进入mysql数据库的控制台,执行SQL命令
结果:
01 | mysql> show databases; |
02 | +--------------------+ |
04 | +--------------------+ |
05 | | information_schema | |
07 | | performance_schema | |
09 | +--------------------+ |
10 | 4 rows in set (0.01 sec) |
10、修改mysql密码:
数据库初始密码是空的,设置密码:
1 | sudo ./bin/mysqladmin -u root -p password 'root' |
3 | root @tianbaoxing -virtual-machine:/usr/local/mysql# |
(管理员身份进入命令是:
./bin/mysql -u root -p
然后输入刚才输入的密码就是了
)
(如果出现 ./mysqladmin: connect to server at 'localhost' failed
error: 'Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)' 错误
解决办法:
处于安全考虑,设置mysql的root用户密码,方法如下:
# ./mysqladmin -u root password "123456" (root用户的密码为 123456))
设置这个密码命令,费了好大的力气,最后还是查看安装mysql后输出的提示命令。
11/查看mysql版本:
01 | root @tianbaoxing -virtual-machine:/usr/local/mysql# ./bin/mysqladmin -u root -p version |
03 | ./bin/mysqladmin Ver 8.42 Distrib 5.5 . 28 , for linux2. 6 on i686 |
04 | Copyright (c) 2000 , 2012 , Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
06 | Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its |
07 | affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective |
12 | Connection Localhost via UNIX socket |
13 | UNIX socket /tmp/mysql.sock |
16 | Threads: 1 Questions: 42 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 48 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 41 Queries per second avg: 0.073 |
12/
允许root远程登陆:
1)本机登陆mysql:mysql -u root -p (-p一定要有);改变数据库:use mysql;
2)从所有主机:grant all privileges on *.* to root@"%" identified by "passw0rd" with grant option;
3)从指定主机:grant all privileges on *.* to root@"192.168.1.101" identified by "passw0rd" with grant option; flush privileges;
4) 进mysql库查看host为%的数据是否添加:use mysql; select * from user;
打算指定特定主机登陆,根据第三条设置的,结果链接的时候报错
1 | ERROR 1130 (HY000): Host '192.168.67.1' is not allowed to connect to this MySQL s |
而虚拟机的地址是192.168.67.23,怎么报连接不上192.168.67.1呢?应该还是权限没有设置好,我试了试:
1 | grant all privileges on *.* to root@ "192.168.67.1" identified by "root" with grant option; flush privileges |
就好了,具体为什么,我没有想明白