udp socket通信

server端：

    #include <sys/types.h>  
    #include <sys/socket.h>  
    #include <stdio.h>  
    #include <stdlib.h>  
    #include <errno.h>  
    #include <string.h>  
    #include <unistd.h>  
    #include <netinet/in.h>  
    #include <pthread.h>  
    #define PORT 7089  
    #define BUFFER_SIZE 1024  
    #define MAX_QUE_CONN_NM 5  
    struct sockaddr_in server_sockaddr;  
    int sin_size,recvbytes,sendbytes;  
    int sockfd, client_fd;  
    char buf[BUFFER_SIZE];  
    char message[72];  
    void *thrd_send()  
    {  
    while(1){  
        memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));  
        printf("请输入 message:\n");  
        scanf("%s",&message);  
        sprintf(buf, "%s", message);  
    /*发送消息给服务器端*/  
    if ((sendbytes = sendto(sockfd, buf, strlen(buf), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&server_sockaddr, sizeof(server_sockaddr))) == -1)  
            {  
            perror("send");  
            exit(1);  
            }  
         }  
    }  
    int main()  
    {  
        pthread_t thread[1];  
    /*建立 socket 连接*/  
    if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0))== -1)  
               {  
                   perror("socket");  
                   exit(1);  
               }  
       
      printf("Socket id = %d\n",sockfd);  
    /*设置 sockaddr_in 结构体中相关参数*/  
      server_sockaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;  
      server_sockaddr.sin_port = htons(PORT);  
      server_sockaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;  
      bzero(&(server_sockaddr.sin_zero), 8);  
      int i = 1;/* 允许重复使用本地地址与套接字进行绑定 */  
      setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &i, sizeof(i));  
    /*绑定函数 bind()*/  
        if (bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&server_sockaddr,sizeof(struct  
    sockaddr)) == -1)  
               {  
                   perror("bind");  
                   exit(1);  
               }  
        printf("Bind success!\n");  

        int getlen = sizeof(server_sockaddr);
  
    while(1){  
      memset(buf , 0, sizeof(buf));  
    /*调用 recv()函数接收客户端的请求*/  
      if ((recvbytes = recvfrom(sockfd, buf, BUFFER_SIZE, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&server_sockaddr, (socklen_t*)&getlen)) == -1)  
             {  
                 perror("recv");  
                 exit(1);  
             }  
       else if(recvbytes==0)  
      {  
      printf("失败\n");  
      exit(1);  
       }  
      printf("Received a message: %s\n", buf);  
      pthread_create(&thread[0],NULL,thrd_send,(void*)0);  
       
    }  
    close(sockfd);  
    exit(0);  
    }  

client端：

    #include <stdio.h>  
    #include <stdlib.h>  
    #include <errno.h>  
    #include <string.h>  
    #include <netdb.h>  
    #include <sys/types.h>  
    #include <netinet/in.h>  
    #include <sys/socket.h>  
    #include <pthread.h>  
    #define PORT 7089  
    #define BUFFER_SIZE 1024  
    int sockfd,sendbytes,recvbytes;  
    char buf[BUFFER_SIZE];  
    char ip[36];  
    char message[72];  
    struct hostent *host;  
    struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;  
    void *thrd_recv()  
    {  
    int addr_len=sizeof(serv_addr);

    while(1){  
        memset(buf , 0, sizeof(buf));  
    if ((recvbytes = recvfrom(sockfd, buf, BUFFER_SIZE, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr, (socklen_t*)&addr_len)) == -1)  
               {  
                  perror("recv");  
                   exit(1);  
               }  
        printf("Received a message: %s\n", buf);  
          }  
    }  
    int main()  
    {  
        pthread_t thread[1];  
        printf("请输入对方 IP 或者主机名\n");  
        scanf("%s",&ip);  
        printf("对方 IP 或者主机名是:%s\n",ip);  
       
    if ((host = gethostbyname(ip) )== NULL)  
            {  
        perror("gethostbyname");  
        exit(1);  
            }  
    /*创建 socket*/  
    if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) == -1)  
            {  
        perror("socket");  
        exit(1);  
            }  
    /*设置 sockaddr_in 结构体中相关参数*/  
        serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;  
        serv_addr.sin_port = htons(PORT);  
        serv_addr.sin_addr = *((struct in_addr *)host->h_addr);  
        bzero(&(serv_addr.sin_zero), 8);  
    /*调用 connect 函数主动发起对服务器端的连接*/  
  
    while(1){  
        pthread_create(&thread[0],NULL,thrd_recv,(void*)0);  
        memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));  
        printf("请输入 message:\n");  
        scanf("%s",&message);  
        sprintf(buf, "%s", message);  
    /*发送消息给服务器端*/  
    if ((sendbytes = sendto(sockfd, buf, strlen(buf), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr))) == -1)  
            {  
            perror("sendto");  
            exit(1);  
            }  
          }  
        close(sockfd);  
        exit(0);  
    }  

要注意的是：udp客户端连接服务端时，服务端并不知道客户端的端口号，因为客户端的udp端口号是系统自动分配的，所以服务端不能先发送数据给客户端。因此只有当客户端先发送数据给服务端，服务端才能知道客户端的udp端口号。

为了解决此问题，客户端可自己设定udp端口号，也就是监听端口。添加bind函数即可：

    #include <stdio.h>  
    #include <stdlib.h>  
    #include <errno.h>  
    #include <string.h>  
    #include <netdb.h>  
    #include <sys/types.h>  
    #include <netinet/in.h>  
    #include <sys/socket.h>  
    #include <pthread.h>  
    #define PORT 7089  
    #define BUFFER_SIZE 1024  
    int sockfd,sendbytes,recvbytes;  
    char buf[BUFFER_SIZE];  
    char ip[36];  
    char message[72];  
    struct hostent *host;  
    struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;  
    struct sockaddr_in serverGet;

    void *thrd_recv()  
    {  
    int addr_len=sizeof(serv_addr);
     int getlen=sizeof(serverGet);
    while(1){  
        memset(buf , 0, sizeof(buf));  
    if ((recvbytes = recvfrom(sockfd, buf, BUFFER_SIZE, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&serverGet, (socklen_t*)&getlen)) == -1)  
               {  
                  perror("recv");  
                   exit(1);  
               }  
        printf("Received a message: %s\n", buf);  
          }  
    }  
    int main()  
    {  
        pthread_t thread[1];  
        printf("请输入对方 IP 或者主机名\n");  
        scanf("%s",&ip);  
        printf("对方 IP 或者主机名是:%s\n",ip);  
       
    if ((host = gethostbyname(ip) )== NULL)  
            {  
        perror("gethostbyname");  
        exit(1);  
            }  
    /*创建 socket*/  
    if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) == -1)  
            {  
        perror("socket");  
        exit(1);  
            }  
    /*设置 sockaddr_in 结构体中相关参数*/  
        serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;  
        serv_addr.sin_port = htons(PORT);  
        serv_addr.sin_addr = *((struct in_addr *)host->h_addr);  
        bzero(&(serv_addr.sin_zero), 8);  
    /*调用 bind 函数绑定本地监听端口，这里是7089*/ 
       int getlen=sizeof(serverGet);  
       serverGet.sin_family=AF_INET;  
       serverGet.sin_port=htons(7089);  
       serverGet.sin_addr.s_addr=INADDR_ANY;    

        bind(sockfd,(struct sockaddr*)&serverGet,getlen); 
  
    while(1){  
        pthread_create(&thread[0],NULL,thrd_recv,(void*)0);  
        memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));  
        printf("请输入 message:\n");  
        scanf("%s",&message);  
        sprintf(buf, "%s", message);  
    /*发送消息给服务器端*/  
    if ((sendbytes = sendto(sockfd, buf, strlen(buf), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr))) == -1)  
            {  
            perror("sendto");  
            exit(1);  
            }  
          }  
        close(sockfd);  
        exit(0);  
    }