Logistic Regression
一个demo了解逻辑回归算法流程
## 基础函数库
import numpy as np
## 导入画图库
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
## 导入逻辑回归模型函数
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
##Demo演示LogisticRegression分类
## 构造数据集
x_fearures = np.array([[-1, -2], [-2, -1], [-3, -2], [1, 3], [2, 1], [3, 2]])
y_label = np.array([0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1])
## 调用逻辑回归模型
lr_clf = LogisticRegression()
## 用逻辑回归模型拟合构造的数据集
lr_clf = lr_clf.fit(x_fearures, y_label) #其拟合方程为 y=w0+w1*x1+w2*x2
##查看其对应模型的w
print('the weight of Logistic Regression:',lr_clf.coef_)
##查看其对应模型的w0
print('the intercept(w0) of Logistic Regression:',lr_clf.intercept_)
##the weight of Logistic Regression:[[0.73462087 0.6947908]]
##the intercept(w0) of Logistic Regression:[-0.03643213]
## 可视化构造的数据样本点
plt.figure()
plt.scatter(x_fearures[:,0],x_fearures[:,1], c=y_label, s=50, cmap='viridis')
plt.title('Dataset')
plt.show()
# 可视化决策边界
plt.figure()
plt.scatter(x_fearures[:,0],x_fearures[:,1], c=y_label, s=50, cmap='viridis')
plt.title('Dataset')
nx, ny = 200, 100
x_min, x_max = plt.xlim()
y_min, y_max = plt.ylim()
x_grid, y_grid = np.meshgrid(np.linspace(x_min, x_max, nx),np.linspace(y_min, y_max, ny))
z_proba = lr_clf.predict_proba(np.c_[x_grid.ravel(), y_grid.ravel()])
z_proba = z_proba[:, 1].reshape(x_grid.shape)
plt.contour(x_grid, y_grid, z_proba, [0.5], linewidths=2., colors='blue')
plt.show()
### 可视化预测新样本
plt.figure()
## new point 1
x_fearures_new1 = np.array([[0, -1]])
plt.scatter(x_fearures_new1[:,0],x_fearures_new1[:,1], s=50, cmap='viridis')
plt.annotate(s='New point 1',xy=(0,-1),xytext=(-2,0),color='blue',arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='-|>',connectionstyle='arc3',color='red'))
## new point 2
x_fearures_new2 = np.array([[1, 2]])
plt.scatter(x_fearures_new2[:,0],x_fearures_new2[:,1], s=50, cmap='viridis')
plt.annotate(s='New point 2',xy=(1,2),xytext=(-1.5,2.5),color='red',arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='-|>',connectionstyle='arc3',color='red'))
## 训练样本
plt.scatter(x_fearures[:,0],x_fearures[:,1], c=y_label, s=50, cmap='viridis')
plt.title('Dataset')
# 可视化决策边界
plt.contour(x_grid, y_grid, z_proba, [0.5], linewidths=2., colors='blue')
plt.show()
##在训练集和测试集上分布利用训练好的模型进行预测
y_label_new1_predict=lr_clf.predict(x_fearures_new1)
y_label_new2_predict=lr_clf.predict(x_fearures_new2)
print('The New point 1 predict class:\n',y_label_new1_predict)
print('The New point 2 predict class:\n',y_label_new2_predict)
##由于逻辑回归模型是概率预测模型（前文介绍的p = p(y=1|x,\theta)）,所有我们可以利用predict_proba函数预测其概率
y_label_new1_predict_proba=lr_clf.predict_proba(x_fearures_new1)
y_label_new2_predict_proba=lr_clf.predict_proba(x_fearures_new2)
print('The New point 1 predict Probability of each class:\n',y_label_new1_predict_proba)
print('The New point 2 predict Probability of each class:\n',y_label_new2_predict_proba)
##TheNewpoint1predictclass:
##[0]
##TheNewpoint2predictclass:
##[1]
##TheNewpoint1predictProbabilityofeachclass:
##[[0.695677240.30432276]]
##TheNewpoint2predictProbabilityofeachclass:
##[[0.119839360.88016064]]
基于鸢尾花（iris）数据集的逻辑回归分类实践
## 基础函数库
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
## 绘图函数库
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
##我们利用sklearn中自带的iris数据作为数据载入，并利用Pandas转化为DataFrame格式
from sklearn.datasets import load_iris
data = load_iris() #得到数据特征
iris_target = data.target #得到数据对应的标签
iris_features = pd.DataFrame(data=data.data, columns=data.feature_names) #利用Pandas转化为DataFrame格式
##利用.info()查看数据的整体信息
iris_features.info()
##<class'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
##RangeIndex:150entries,0to149
##Datacolumns(total4columns):
###ColumnNon-NullCountDtype
##----------------------------
##0sepallength(cm)150non-nullfloat64
##1sepalwidth(cm)150non-nullfloat64
##2petallength(cm)150non-nullfloat64
##3petalwidth(cm)150non-nullfloat64
##dtypes:float64(4)
##memoryusage:4.8KB
iris_features.head()
iris_features.tail()
iris_target
'''
array([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2])
'''
pd.Series(iris_target).value_counts()
iris_features.describe()
iris_all = iris_features.copy()
iris_all['target'] = iris_target
sns.pairplot(data=iris_all,diag_kind='hist',hue='target')
plt.show()
for col in iris_features.columns:
sns.boxplot(x='target', y=col, saturation=0.5,
palette='pastel', data=iris_all)
plt.title(col)
plt.show()
# 选取其前三个特征绘制三维散点图
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10,8))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
iris_all_class0 = iris_all[iris_all['target']==0].values
iris_all_class1 = iris_all[iris_all['target']==1].values
iris_all_class2 = iris_all[iris_all['target']==2].values
# 'setosa'(0), 'versicolor'(1), 'virginica'(2)
ax.scatter(iris_all_class0[:,0], iris_all_class0[:,1], iris_all_class0[:,2],label='setosa')
ax.scatter(iris_all_class1[:,0], iris_all_class1[:,1], iris_all_class1[:,2],label='versicolor')
ax.scatter(iris_all_class2[:,0], iris_all_class2[:,1], iris_all_class2[:,2],label='virginica')
plt.legend()
plt.show()
##为了正确评估模型性能，将数据划分为训练集和测试集，并在训练集上训练模型，在测试集上验证模型性能。
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
##选择其类别为0和1的样本（不包括类别为2的样本）
iris_features_part=iris_features.iloc[:100]
iris_target_part=iris_target[:100]
##测试集大小为20%，80%/20%分
x_train,x_test,y_train,y_test=train_test_split(iris_features_part,iris_target_part,test_size=0.2,random_state=2020)
##从sklearn中导入逻辑回归模型
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
##定义逻辑回归模型
clf=LogisticRegression(random_state=0,solver='lbfgs')
##在训练集上训练逻辑回归模型
clf.fit(x_train,y_train)
##查看其对应的w
print('the weight of Logistic Regression:',clf.coef_)
##查看其对应的w0
print('the intercept(w0) of Logistic Regression:',clf.intercept_)
##在训练集和测试集上分布利用训练好的模型进行预测
train_predict=clf.predict(x_train)
test_predict=clf.predict(x_test)
from sklearn import metrics
##利用accuracy（准确度）【预测正确的样本数目占总预测样本数目的比例】评估模型效果
print('The accuracy of the Logistic Regression is:',metrics.accuracy_score(y_train,train_predict))
print('The accuracy of the Logistic Regression is:',metrics.accuracy_score(y_test,test_predict))
##查看混淆矩阵(预测值和真实值的各类情况统计矩阵)
confusion_matrix_result=metrics.confusion_matrix(test_predict,y_test)
print('The confusion matrix result:\n',confusion_matrix_result)
##利用热力图对于结果进行可视化
plt.figure(figsize=(8,6))
sns.heatmap(confusion_matrix_result,annot=True,cmap='Blues')
plt.xlabel('Predictedlabels')
plt.ylabel('Truelabels')
plt.show()
##The accuracy of the Logistic Regressionis:1.0
##The accuracy of the Logistic Regressionis:1.0
##The confusion matrix result:
##[[9 0]
##[0 11]]
多分类
##测试集大小为20%，80%/20%分
x_train,x_test,y_train,y_test=train_test_split(iris_features,iris_target,test_size=0.2,random_state=2020)
##定义逻辑回归模型
clf=LogisticRegression(random_state=0,solver='lbfgs')
##在训练集上训练逻辑回归模型
clf.fit(x_train,y_train)
##查看其对应的w
print('the weight of Logistic Regression:\n',clf.coef_)
##查看其对应的w0
print('the intercept(w0) of Logistic Regression:\n',clf.intercept_)
##由于这个是3分类，所有我们这里得到了三个逻辑回归模型的参数，其三个逻辑回归组合起来即可实现三分类
##在训练集和测试集上分布利用训练好的模型进行预测
train_predict=clf.predict(x_train)
test_predict=clf.predict(x_test)
##由于逻辑回归模型是概率预测模型（前文介绍的p=p(y=1|x,\theta)）,所有我们可以利用predict_proba函数预测其概率
train_predict_proba=clf.predict_proba(x_train)
test_predict_proba=clf.predict_proba(x_test)
print('The test predict Probability of each class:\n',test_predict_proba)
##其中第一列代表预测为0类的概率，第二列代表预测为1类的概率，第三列代表预测为2类的概率。
##利用accuracy（准确度）【预测正确的样本数目占总预测样本数目的比例】评估模型效果
print('The accuracy of the Logistic Regression is:',metrics.accuracy_score(y_train,train_predict))
print('The accuracy of the Logistic Regression is:',metrics.accuracy_score(y_test,test_predict))
##查看混淆矩阵
confusion_matrix_result=metrics.confusion_matrix(test_predict,y_test)
print('The confusion matrix result:\n',confusion_matrix_result)
##利用热力图对于结果进行可视化
plt.figure(figsize=(8,6))
sns.heatmap(confusion_matrix_result,annot=True,cmap='Blues')
plt.xlabel('Predicted labels')
plt.ylabel('True labels')
plt.show()
##The confusion matrix result:
##[[10 0 0]
##[0 8 2]
##[0 2 8]]
逻辑回归函数
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = np.arange(-5,5,0.01)
y = 1 / (1 + np.exp(-x))
plt.plot(x,y)
plt.xlabel('z')
plt.ylabel('y')
plt.grid()
plt.show()
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