.NET Core开发实战-07-Autofac

1. 什么情况下需要引入第三方容器组件

• 基于名称的注入

需要把一个服务按照名称来区分它不同的实现的时候，

• 属性注入

1. 之前注入方式有FromService的方式，还有构造函数入参的方式

2. 属性注入就是直接把服务注册到某一个类的属性里面去，而不需要定义构造函数

• 子容器
• 基于动态代理的AOP

需要在服务中注入我们额外的行为的时候，可以用动态代理的能力。

2. Nuget包

1. Autofac.Extensions.DependencyInjection
2. Autofac.Extras.DynamicProxy

3. 修改代码，注入第三方容器

改动1：Program.cs -> CreateHostBuilder

public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) =>
            Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
                .UseServiceProviderFactory(new AutofacServiceProviderFactory()) //新增代码
                .ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder =>
                {
                    webBuilder.UseKestrel().UseUrls("http://*:8001").UseStartup<Startup>();
                });

改动2：StartUp.cs 新增 ConfigureContainer方法

        /// <summary>
        /// ConfigureServices将默认的容器注入进去，Autofac会接替默认的，然后执行ConfigureContainer
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="builder"></param>
        public void ConfigureContainer(ContainerBuilder builder)
        {

        }

4. 基本用法

        /// <summary>
        /// ConfigureServices将默认的容器注入进去，Autofac会接替默认的，然后执行ConfigureContainer
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="builder"></param>
        public void ConfigureContainer(ContainerBuilder builder)
        {
            builder.RegisterType<MyService>().As<IMyService>();
        }

        //注册根容器
        public ILifetimeScope AutofacContainer { get; private set; }

        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
        {
            this.AutofacContainer = app.ApplicationServices.GetAutofacRoot();

            var serviceName = this.AutofacContainer.Resolve<IMyService>();
            serviceName.ShowCode();

            //...
        }
    

5. 命名注册

        /// <summary>
        /// ConfigureServices将默认的容器注入进去，Autofac会接替默认的，然后执行ConfigureContainer
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="builder"></param>
        public void ConfigureContainer(ContainerBuilder builder)
        {
            //需要把一个服务注册多次，并且用不同的命名来做区分的时候
            builder.RegisterType<MyServiceV2>().Named<IMyService>("service2");
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 注册根容器
        /// </summary>
        public ILifetimeScope AutofacContainer { get; private set; }

        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
        {
            this.AutofacContainer = app.ApplicationServices.GetAutofacRoot();

            var service = this.AutofacContainer.ResolveNamed<IMyService>("service2");
            service.ShowCode();

            //...
        }
    

6. 属性注册

        /// <summary>
        /// ConfigureServices将默认的容器注入进去，Autofac会接替默认的，然后执行ConfigureContainer
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="builder"></param>
        public void ConfigureContainer(ContainerBuilder builder)
        {
            builder.RegisterType<MyNameService>();
            builder.RegisterType<MyServiceV2>().As<IMyService>().PropertiesAutowired();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 注册根容器
        /// </summary>
        public ILifetimeScope AutofacContainer { get; private set; }

        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
        {
            this.AutofacContainer = app.ApplicationServices.GetAutofacRoot();

            var serviceName = this.AutofacContainer.Resolve<IMyService>();
            serviceName.ShowCode();

            //...
        }
    

7. AOP

        /// <summary>
        /// ConfigureServices将默认的容器注入进去，Autofac会接替默认的，然后执行ConfigureContainer
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="builder"></param>
        public void ConfigureContainer(ContainerBuilder builder)
        {
            //AOP主要应用场景是指我们在不期望改变原有类的情况下，在方法执行时嵌入一些逻辑，
            //让我们可以在方法执行的切面上任意的插入我们的逻辑
            //builder.RegisterType<MyInterceptor>(); //拦截器注册到容器种
            //builder.RegisterType<MyServiceV2>().As<IMyService>().PropertiesAutowired().InterceptedBy(typeof(MyInterceptor)).EnableInterfaceInterceptors();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 注册根容器
        /// </summary>
        public ILifetimeScope AutofacContainer { get; private set; }

        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
        {
            this.AutofacContainer = app.ApplicationServices.GetAutofacRoot();

            var serviceName = this.AutofacContainer.Resolve<IMyService>();
            serviceName.ShowCode();

            //...
        }
    

    public class MyInterceptor : IInterceptor
    {
        public void Intercept(IInvocation invocation)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("执行AOP方法之前");
            invocation.Proceed();
            Console.WriteLine("执行AOP方法之后");
        }
    }

8. 子容器

        /// <summary>
        /// ConfigureServices将默认的容器注入进去，Autofac会接替默认的，然后执行ConfigureContainer
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="builder"></param>
        public void ConfigureContainer(ContainerBuilder builder)
        {
            //把一个服务注入到特定命名的子容器中，其他子容器获取不到这个对象
            builder.RegisterType<MyNameService>().InstancePerMatchingLifetimeScope("myscope");
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 注册根容器
        /// </summary>
        public ILifetimeScope AutofacContainer { get; private set; }

        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
        {
            this.AutofacContainer = app.ApplicationServices.GetAutofacRoot();

            using (var myscope = AutofacContainer.BeginLifetimeScope("myscope"))
            {
                var service0 = myscope.Resolve<MyNameService>();
                using(var scope = myscope.BeginLifetimeScope())
                {
                    var service1 = scope.Resolve<MyNameService>();
                    var service2 = scope.Resolve<MyNameService>();
                    Console.WriteLine($"service1=service2:{service1 == service2}");
                    Console.WriteLine($"service0=service2:{service1 == service0}");
                }
            }

            //..
        }