leetcode[137]:Single Number II

Single Number II

Given an array of integers, every element appears three times except for one. Find that single one.

Note:
Your algorithm should have a linear runtime complexity. Could you implement it without using extra memory?

int singleNumber(int* nums, int numsSize) {

    int i,tmp;
    int one = 0;//相应位出现次数模3余1的变量
    int two = 0;//相应位出现次数模3余2的变量
    for(i=0; i<numsSize; i++){

        tmp = ((one ^ nums[i]) & (~two));
        two = ((one & nums[i]) | (two & (~nums[i])));
        one = tmp;
    }
    return one;
}

针对每一位来看，每一位出现的0或1 一定是3个3个相同的，多出来的那位组合在一起就是我们要找的数。进一步，无需考虑0的个数，题目保证了其他的都是3个，那么只需要统计1，有单个1剩余输出1，无单个1剩余输出0即可。
以下分析均只针对某一位：

假设nums[i]=0,即我们无需考虑的那位，会有：
tmp = ((one ^ 0) & (~two)) = one & ～two =one;(one 和 two 不可能同时为1)
two = ((one & 0) | (two & 1)) = two;
one = tmp =one;
即one = one； two = two;不考虑。

如果nums[i]=1,
tmp = ((one ^ 1) & (~two))
    = ~one & ~two;（从未出现过，即one=two=0，此时tmp=1，否则tmp=0）
two = ((one & 1)| (two & 0))
    = one;(又出现了1次，刚好出现两次的位应该和上一次的1次相同)
one = tmp =~one & ~two;

参考：
数据矿工：Single Number I & II