Thread-safety with the Java final keyword

“The final field is a means of what is sometimes called safe publication . Here, "publication" of an object means creating it in one thread and then having that newly-created object be referred to by another thread at some point in the future. When the JVM executes the constructor of your object, it must store values into the various fields of the object, and store a pointer to the object data. As in any other case of data writes, these accesses can potentially occur out of order, and their application to main memory can be delayed and other processors can be delayed unless you take special steps to combat this. In particular, the pointer to the object data could be stored to main memory and accessed before the fields themselves have been committed (this can happen partly because of compiler ordering: if you think about how you'd write things in a low-level language such as C or assembler, it's quite natural to store a pointer to a block of memory, and then advance the pointer as you're writing data to that block). And this in turn could lead to another thread seeing the object in an invalid or partially constructed state.
    final prevents this from happening: if a field is final , it is part of the JVM specification that it must effectively ensure that, once the object pointer is available to other threads, so are the correct values of that object's final fields.”

——Excerpted from “Thread-safety with the Java final keyword”，javamex.com