Python之else用法

else经常与if语句成对出现,有if ... else ...,if ... elif ... else ...等形式;本文会介绍一些不常见的else用法.

1. if … else …

if ... elif ... else ...形式与if ... else ...在用法是没有区别的.

a = 1
b = 2
if a > b:
    print('%s > %s' % (a, b))
else:
    print('%s <= %s' % (a, b))

output:

1 <= 2

2. while … else …

n = 10
while n>0:
    if n % 5 == 0:
        print('000')
        break
    print('111')
    n -= 1
else:
    print('222')

output:

000

如果将上述代码中的break去掉，则else语句将会被执行.

3. try … except … else …

该形式与try ... except ... else ... finally ...只有唯一的区别：finally语句体总是会被执行.

try:
    print('normal')
except:
    print('error')
else:
    print('else')

output:

normal
else

4. for … else …

for i in range(10):
    if i % 5 == 0:
        print('normal')
        break
else:
    print('else')

output:

normal

总结：对于while ... else ...、try ... except ... else ... 、for ... else ...来说，当语句体中有break、return或者异常发生则不会执行else语句体；其余情况下()则会执行else语句体.