[ Linux ] 安装MySQL(详细图文教程)

[ 卸载 MySQL ]

  ① 检查是否安装有MySQL Server

# rpm -qa | grep mysql

           

  ② 删除 MySQL

# rpm -qa | grep mysql
mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64                   // 查询到的结果
# rpm -e mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64          // 普通删除模式
# rpm -e --nodeps mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64 // 强力删除模式

[ 安装 MySQL 依赖 ]

  ① 安装GCC编译器

   ❶ 进入 /usr/local/ 目录

# cd /usr/local/

    ❷ 在线安装

# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make autoconf libtool-ltdl-devel gd-devel freetype-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel openssl-devel curl-devel bison patch unzip libmcrypt-devel libmhash-devel ncurses-devel sudo bzip2 flex libaio-devel

           

  ② 安装cmake 编译器

   ❶ 开始下载 cmake 安装包

# wget -P /usr/local/ http://www.cmake.org/files/v3.1/cmake-3.1.1.tar.gz

           

   ❷ 进入 /usr/local/ 目录 

# cd /usr/local/

   ❸ 解压安装包

# tar zxvf cmake-3.1.1.tar.gz

           

           

   ❹ 删除安装包

# rm -rf cmake-3.1.1.tar.gz

   ❺ 进入安装包目录

# cd cmake-3.1.1

           

   ❻ 编译安装 

# ./bootstrap
# make && make install

           

[ 安装 MySQL ]

  ① MySQL 安装包下载

# wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.43.tar.gz

           

  ② 解压安装包

# tar zxvf mysql-5.6.43.tar.gz

           

  ③ 删除安装包

# rm -rf mysql-5.6.43.tar.gz

  ④ 创建mysql目录

# mkdir /usr/local/mysql

  ⑤ 创建MySQL数据目录

# mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data

  ⑥ 移动安装包到mysql目录

# mv mysql-5.6.43 /usr/local/mysql/

           

  ⑦ 进入安装包目录

# cd /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.6.43/

           

  ⑧ 编译安装 

# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql/ -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DWITH_INNODB_MEMCACHED=1 -DWITH_DEBUG=OFF -DWITH_ZLIB=bundled -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DENABLED_PROFILING=ON -DMYSQL_MAINTAINER_MODE=OFF -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306

# make && make install

           

  ⑨ 查看mysql版本:

# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql --version

           

[ MySQL 配置 ]

  ① 创建mysql运行使用的用户mysql：

# /usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
# /usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql

           

  ② 创建binlog和库的存储路径并赋予mysql用户权限

# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/binlog /www/data_mysql
# chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/binlog/ /www/data_mysql/

           

  ③ 编辑 my.cnf 配置文件(配置中文详解)

   ❶ 开始编辑

# vim /ect/my.cnf

   ❷ 将/etc/my.cnf替换为下面内容

[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
replicate-ignore-db = mysql
replicate-ignore-db = test
replicate-ignore-db = information_schema
user = mysql
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /www/data_mysql
log-error = /usr/local/mysql/mysql_error.log
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.pid
open_files_limit = 65535
back_log = 600
max_connections = 5000
max_connect_errors = 1000
table_open_cache = 1024
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 1M
join_buffer_size = 1M
thread_cache_size = 600
#thread_concurrency = 8
query_cache_size = 128M
query_cache_limit = 2M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
default-storage-engine = MyISAM
default-tmp-storage-engine=MYISAM
thread_stack = 192K
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 128M
max_heap_table_size = 128M
log-slave-updates
log-bin = /usr/local/mysql/binlog/binlog
binlog-do-db=oa_fb
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
binlog_cache_size = 4M
binlog_format = MIXED
max_binlog_cache_size = 8M
max_binlog_size = 1G
relay-log-index = /usr/local/mysql/relaylog/relaylog
relay-log-info-file = /usr/local/mysql/relaylog/relaylog
relay-log = /usr/local/mysql/relaylog/relaylog
expire_logs_days = 10
key_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover
interactive_timeout = 120
wait_timeout = 120
skip-name-resolve
#master-connect-retry = 10
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396
#master-host = 192.168.1.2
#master-user = username
#master-password = password
#master-port = 3306
server-id = 1
loose-innodb-trx=0 
loose-innodb-locks=0 
loose-innodb-lock-waits=0 
loose-innodb-cmp=0 
loose-innodb-cmp-per-index=0
loose-innodb-cmp-per-index-reset=0
loose-innodb-cmp-reset=0 
loose-innodb-cmpmem=0 
loose-innodb-cmpmem-reset=0 
loose-innodb-buffer-page=0 
loose-innodb-buffer-page-lru=0 
loose-innodb-buffer-pool-stats=0 
loose-innodb-metrics=0 
loose-innodb-ft-default-stopword=0 
loose-innodb-ft-inserted=0 
loose-innodb-ft-deleted=0 
loose-innodb-ft-being-deleted=0 
loose-innodb-ft-config=0 
loose-innodb-ft-index-cache=0 
loose-innodb-ft-index-table=0 
loose-innodb-sys-tables=0 
loose-innodb-sys-tablestats=0 
loose-innodb-sys-indexes=0 
loose-innodb-sys-columns=0 
loose-innodb-sys-fields=0 
loose-innodb-sys-foreign=0 
loose-innodb-sys-foreign-cols=0

slow_query_log_file=/usr/local/mysql/mysql_slow.log
long_query_time = 1
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M

   ❸ 保存退出

# esc:wq

  ④ 进入安装目录

# cd /usr/local/mysql

  ⑤ 初始化数据库

# /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf  --user=mysql

           

  ⑥ 创建开机启动脚本

# cd /usr/local/mysql/
# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql
# chkconfig --add mysql
# chkconfig --level 35 mysql on

           

  ⑦ 设置权限

# cd ../
# chown -R mysql:mysql mysql 

  ⑧ MySQL 命令

# 启动：service mysql start

# 停止：service mysql stop

# 重启：service mysql restart

# 重载配置：service mysql reload

                       

  ⑨ mysql_error.log 报错

    ❶ 如果授权后，启动报错下面错误

          

   ❷ 创建一个mysql_error.log

          

  ⑩ 登录 MySQL

# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p

           

  ⑪ 设置MySQL用户密码

# set password = password("root");

           

  ⑫ 创建新用户并授权:

# grant all privileges on *.* to 用户名@'%' identified by '密码' with grant option;

         ​​​​​

  ⑬ 设置远程访问用户

# grant all privileges on *.* to 'root' @'%' identified by '密码'; 
# flush privileges;

           

  ⑭ 开启3306端口号访问(ROOT用户设置)

# /sbin/iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT

           

  ⑮ 数据库可视化工具测试连接