SpringMVC 入门篇

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-30 17:28:01 发布

飘2018

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-30 17:28:01 发布

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分类专栏： Spring mvc javaEE Eclipse 文章标签： springmvc spring java ajax

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/handsome221/article/details/83055525

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一、准备搭配环境

搭建环境:mysql5.2+tomcat(apache-tomcat-7.0.90)+jdk(jdk1.7.0_55)

开发工具:eclipse（Eclipse Java EE IDE for Web Developers.）

二、完成史上最牛的程序Hello world ,呵呵。

1.准备本环境的需要的jar包,并导入工程目录的WEB-INF/lib下面

2.在web.xml文件中添加springmvc的前端控制器信息

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" version="3.0">

<servlet>
   <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
   <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>

   <init-param>
       <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
       <param-value>classpath:spring-servlet.xml</param-value>
   </init-param>
   <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
   </servlet>
   
   <servlet-mapping>
   <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
   
   
   <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
   </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

2.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml 它是springmvc的配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

   <mvc:resources mapping="/resources/**/" location="/resources/"/>
   
<context:component-scan base-package="com.test.controller" />
   
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
</beans>

3.在WEB-INF下建jsp文件夹。在jsp下新建一个hello.jsp,在<body></body>添加Hello world.

再新建一个test.jsp

hello.jsp--用来测试一个大神级的演示在页面输出Hello world

test.jsp --用来演示方法绑定参数的方式的演示

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<H1>Hello world!</H1>
<h2>Hello spring MVC !</h2>


${test }
<br/>
${requestScope.test }
</body>
</html>

4.建包

com.test.controller, 建一个类为TestController

com.test.domain包，建一个类Users

上代码：

TestController.java

package com.test.controller;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

import com.test.domain.Users;
//注解用于标识类，为控制器类,同时注册一个bean到spring的上下文件中。
@Controller
//控制器类的地址映射：注解为控制器指定处理 URL请求映射
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class TestController {
   //方法的映射的地址最好与方法名称相同。
   @RequestMapping("/hello")
   public String hello()
   {
       return "hello";

   }

   //方法的映射
   @RequestMapping("/test")
   public String test()
   {
       //返回的视图的名称
       //由视图解析器:定义跳转的文件的前后缀
//       <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
//   <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
       ///WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp 对应的物理视图名称
       return "test";
   }
   //接收请求参数的绑定

   //测试地址 http://localhost:8080/springmvc/test/test1?uname=mike&upwd=11
   //当地址栏中参数和方法的参数名称相同时会自动赋值
   @RequestMapping("/test1")
   public String test1(String uname,String upwd)
   {
       System.out.println("uname="+uname+"\t"+"upwd="+upwd);
       return "test";

   }
   //测试地址 http://localhost:8080/springmvc/test/test2?a=mike&b=11
   //当地址栏中参数与方法参数名称不一致时，用@RequestParam()将请求参数与方法中参数进行绑定
   @RequestMapping("/test2")
   public String test2(@RequestParam("a")String uname1,@RequestParam("b")String upwd1)
   {
       System.out.println("uname1="+uname1+"\t"+"upwd1="+upwd1);
       return "test";

   }
   //测试地址 http://localhost:8080/springmvc/test/test3?uname=allen&upwd=123
   //当地址栏中参名称与方法中参数对象的属性名称相同时，会自动给对象的属性赋值
   @RequestMapping("/test3")
   public String test3(Users users)
   {
       System.out.println(users.getUname()+"\t"+users.getUpwd());
       return "test";

   }
   //向前台页面传参数
   @RequestMapping("/show")
   //spring mvc 调用方法时传传入一个map对象，在方法内部可以使用map和添加新的数据，它是在请求作用域内的相当于request
   //前台页面页直接收。${requestScope.test}
   public String show(Map<String,Object> map)
   {
       map.put("test", "哥们，我去前台了！！，呵呵...");
       return "test";
   }
   //使用@ResponseBody时，把对象转成json数据，出错时，，缺少转换依赖的jar包，故报错
   //错误信息HTTP Status 406 – Not Acceptable
   //jar包为jackson的jar包
   @ResponseBody
   @RequestMapping("/testjson")
   public List<Users>testJson()
   {
       Users u1=new Users(1000, "mike", "123");
       Users u2=new Users(1001, "rose", "123");
       Users u3=new Users(1002, "allen", "123");
       Users u4=new Users(1003, "smith", "123");
       Users u5=new Users(1004, "李明", "123");
       List<Users> list=new ArrayList<Users>();
       list.add(u1);
       list.add(u2);
       list.add(u3);
       list.add(u4);
       list.add(u5);
       return list;



   }

}

Users.java

package com.test.domain;

public class Users {
private Integer uid;
private String uname;

   public Users(){}
   public Users(Integer uid, String uname, String upwd) {
       super();
       this.uid = uid;
       this.uname = uname;
       this.upwd = upwd;
   }
   private String upwd;
   public Integer getUid() {
       return uid;
   }
   public void setUid(Integer uid) {
       this.uid = uid;
   }
   public String getUname() {
       return uname;
   }
   public void setUname(String uname) {
       this.uname = uname;
   }
   public String getUpwd() {
       return upwd;
   }
   public void setUpwd(String upwd) {
       this.upwd = upwd;
   }