层层深入python装饰器

一、内部函数

def outer():
    def inner():
        x = 10

二、闭包

n = 'hello'
def outer(arg):
    def inner():
        arg
    return inner
f = outer(n)

三、装饰器：

原始方式

def n():
    print("hello world")
def outter(arg):
    def inner():
        print("*" * 20)
        arg()
      return inner
n = outer(n)
n()

语法糖

def outter(arg):
    def inner():
        print("*" * 20)
        arg()
      return inner
def n():
    print("hello world")
@outer
n()

四、装饰器固定格式

def auth(func):
    def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
        # 写需要增加的代码
        r = func(*args,**kwargs)
        return r
    return wrapper

@auth
def foo(msg):
    up_msg = msg.upper()
    return up_msg
r = foo('hello')
print(r)

五、带参的装饰器

  def outer(falg):
    def wrapper(func):
        def inner(*args, **kwargs):
            if flag:
                print('before')
                result = func(*args,**kwargs)
                print('after')
            else:
                result = func(*args, **kwargs)
            return result
        return inner
    return wrapper

六、多层装饰器

def do_something(arg):
    def wrapper():
        print('#' * 22)
        arg()
        print('#' * 22)
    return wrapper


def decorator(func):
    def wrapper():
        print("*" * 19)
        func()
        print("*" * 19)
    return wrapper

do_something(decorator)

@do_something   # inner = do_something(decorator(inner))
@decorator      
def inner():
    print("  hello world")
    print("   单车欲问边，蜀国过居延")

inner()

eg.计算一个程序运行所需时间

import time

def timeit(func):
    def test():
        start = time.clock()
        func()
        end = time.clock()
        print("time used:", end - start)
    return test

@timeit
def sum():
    sum = 1+2
    print(sum)

sum()