【Python基础教程】第7章 类

#7.2.5 继承
class Filter:
    def init(self):
        self.blocked = [];
    def filter(self, sequence):
        return [x for x in sequence if x not in self.blocked]

class SPAMFilter(Filter):#SPAMFilter是Filter的子类
    def init(self):#重写Filter类的init方法
        self.blocked = ['SPAM'];

f = Filter()
f.init()
x = f.filter([1,2,3])
print x

s = SPAMFilter()
s.init()
x = s.filter(['SPAM','Two','Three','Spam','Five'])
print x
>>> ================================ RESTART ================================
>>> 
[1, 2, 3]
['Two', 'Three', 'Spam', 'Five']


#7.2.6 调查继承
#查看某个类司否是另一个的子类,issubclass方法
print 'SPAMFilter is subclass of Filter?:' , issubclass(SPAMFilter, Filter)
print 'Filter is subclass of SPAMFilter?:' , issubclass(Filter, SPAMFilter)

#查看已知类的基类，特殊特性__bases__
print 'BaseClass of SPAMFilter is' , SPAMFilter.__bases__
print 'BaseClass of Filter is' , Filter.__bases__

#查看一个对象是否是一个类的实例,isinstance方法
s = SPAMFilter()
print isinstance(s, SPAMFilter)
print isinstance(s, Filter)
print isinstance(s, str)
#作者注：使用isinstance并不是个好习惯，使用多态会更好一些

#查看一个对象属于那个类：特殊特性__class__
s = SPAMFilter()
print s.__class__


#7.2.7 多继承
class Calculator:
    def calculate(self, expression):
         self.value = eval(expression)

class Talker:
    def talk(self):
        print self.value

class TalkingCalculator(Calculator, Talker):
    pass

tc = TalkingCalculator()
tc.calculate('3+2*4')
tc.talk()
#注：除非非常熟悉多继承，否则应该尽量避免使用
#多继承注意点：超类的顺序(先继承类中的方法会重写后继承类中的方法)


#7.2.8 接口和内省
#检查特性
print hasattr(tc, 'talk')#True
print hasattr(tc, 'fnord')#False

#检查特性是否可用
print callable(getattr(tc, 'talk', None))#True
print callable(getattr(tc, 'fnord', None))#False
#注：callable在Python3.0中已不再可用。可以使用hasattr(x,'__call__')

#(其他的内容)
#设置对象特性
setattr(tc, 'name', 'Mr.Gumby')
#查看对象内所有存储的值
tc.__dict__