基础知识之email

最新推荐文章于 2021-11-12 17:08:29 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2021-11-12 17:08:29 发布

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分类专栏：常用知识文章标签：基础知识之email

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Email 即电子邮件:
是—种用电子手段提供信息交换的通信方式，是互联网应用最广的服务。通过网络的电子邮件系统，用户可以以非常低廉的价格、非常快速的方式与世界上任何一个角落的网络用户联系。

电子邮件地址的构成:
电子邮件地址的格式由三部分组成。第一部分“USER”代表用户信箱的帐号，对于同一个邮件接收服务器来说，这个帐号必须是唯一的；第二部分“@”是分隔符；第三部分是用户信箱的邮件接收服务器域名，用以标志其所在的位置。
地址格式:
用户标识符+@+域名
其中：@是“at”的符号，表示“在”的意思。
POP3(Post Office Protocol 3)即邮局协议的第3个版本，规定个人计算机如何连接到互联网上的邮件服务器进行收发邮件的协议。POP3协议允许用户从服务器上把邮件存储到本地主机（即自己的计算机）上，支持离线邮件处理,同时根据客户端的操作删除或保存在邮件服务器上的邮件，而POP3服务器则是遵循POP3协议的接收邮件服务器，用来接收电子邮件的

POP3协议默认端口：110

Internet Mail Access Protocol , 缩写为IMAP:
邮件访问协议（interactive mail access protocol）IMAP的主要作用是邮件客户端（例如MS Outlook Express)可以通过这种协议从邮件服务器上获取邮件的信息，下载邮件等

端口:143

POP3协议允许电子邮件客户端下载服务器上的邮件，但是在客户端的操作（如移动邮件、标记已读等），不会反馈到服务器上，比如通过客户端收取了邮箱中的3封邮件并移动到其他文件夹，邮箱服务器上的这些邮件是没有同时被移动的。
而IMAP提供webmail 与电子邮件客户端之间的双向通信，客户端的操作都会反馈到服务器上，对邮件进行的操作，服务器上的邮件也会做相应的动作。
同时，IMAP像POP3那样提供了方便的邮件下载服务，让用户能进行离线阅读。IMAP提供的摘要浏览功能可以让你在阅读完所有的邮件到达时间、主题、发件人、大小等信息后才作出是否下载的决定。此外，IMAP 更好地支持了从多个不同设备中随时访问新邮件。

SMTP（Simple Mail Transfer Protocol）即简单邮件传输协议,它是一组用于由源地址到目的地址传送邮件的规则，由它来控制信件的中转方式。
SMTP端口：25

利用telnet来模拟一次完整的发信，下面是具体步骤：
·打开一个命令窗口，键入：telnet mx.mail.yeah.split.netease.com 25，这条命令将建立一个到我们163邮件服务器的连接；
·键入：HELO yourdomain.com　这里的yourdomain.com指您的域名；
·键入：MAIL FROM:< you@yourdomain.com >（邮箱名需要用<>括起来）,这里的you@yourdomain.com指您们域的一个邮箱名；
·键入：RCPT TO:< postmaster >（邮箱名需要用<>括起来），这将发信到我们的postmaster邮箱；
·键入：DATA；
·输入邮件的信头和正文；　　
FROM:< you@yourdomain.com>（无需空格）
TO:< postmaster>（无需空格）
SUBJECT: yourdomain.com to netease

telnet 163mx03.mxmail.netease.com 25
HELO obma
MAIL FROM:<wd1310phpc@163.com>
RCPT TO:<wd1310phpc@163.com>
DATA
FROM:<obma@163.com>
TO:<wd1310phpc@163.com>
SUBJECT:
.....

smtp.class.php类的配置

smtp.class.php类对象的定义

smtp.class.php邮件发送失败的错误信息提示

mail.class
<?php
class smtp {
/* Public Variables */
var $smtp_port;
var $time_out;
var $host_name;
var $log_file;
var $relay_host;
var $debug;
var $auth;
var $user;
var $pass;
/* Private Variables */
var $sock;
/* Constractor */
function smtp($relay_host = "", $smtp_port = 25,$auth = false,$user,$pass) {
$this->debug = FALSE;
$this->smtp_port= $smtp_port;
$this->relay_host = $relay_host;
$this->time_out = 30;
//is used in fsockopen()
#
$this->auth= $auth;
//auth
$this->user = $user;
$this->pass = $pass;
#
$this->host_name = "localhost";

//is used in HELO command

$this->log_file ="";
$this->sock = FALSE;

}

/* Main Function */

function sendmail($to, $from, $subject = "", $body = "", $mailtype, $cc = "", $bcc = "", $additional_headers = "") {
$mail_from = $this->get_address($this->strip_comment($from));
$body = ereg_replace("(^|(\r\n))(\\.)", "\\1.\\3", $body);
@$header .= "MIME-Version:1.0\r\n";
if($mailtype=="HTML"){
$header .= "Content-Type:text/html\r\n";
}
$header .= "To: ".$to."\r\n";

if ($cc != "") {
$header .= "Cc: ".$cc."\r\n";
}

$header .= "From: $from<".$from.">\r\n";
$header .= "Subject: ".$subject."\r\n";

$header .= $additional_headers;

$header .= "Date: ".date("r")."\r\n";

$header .= "X-Mailer:By Redhat (PHP/".phpversion().")\r\n";

list($msec, $sec) = explode(" ", microtime());
$header .= "Message-ID: <".date("YmdHis", $sec).".".($msec*1000000).".".$mail_from.">\r\n";

$TO = explode(",", $this->strip_comment($to));
if ($cc != "") {
$TO = array_merge($TO, explode(",", $this->strip_comment($cc)));

}

if ($bcc != "")
{
$TO= array_merge($TO, explode(",", $this->strip_comment($bcc)));
}

$sent = TRUE;
foreach ($TO as $rcpt_to) {
$rcpt_to = $this->get_address($rcpt_to);
if (!$this->smtp_sockopen($rcpt_to)) {
$this->log_write("Error: Cannot send email to ".$rcpt_to."\n");
$sent = FALSE;
continue;
}
if ($this->smtp_send($this->host_name, $mail_from, $rcpt_to, $header, $body)) {
$this->log_write("E-mail has been sent to <".$rcpt_to.">\n");
} else {
$this->log_write("Error: Cannot send email to <".$rcpt_to.">\n");
$sent = FALSE;
}
fclose($this->sock);
$this->log_write("Disconnected from remote host\n");
}
echo "<br>";
echo $header;
return $sent;
}
/* Private Functions */

function smtp_send($helo, $from, $to, $header, $body = "")
{
if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("HELO", $helo)) {
return $this->smtp_error("sending HELO command");
}
#auth
if($this->auth){
if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("AUTH LOGIN", base64_encode($this->user))) {
return $this->smtp_error("sending HELO command");
}
if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("", base64_encode($this->pass))) {
return $this->smtp_error("sending HELO command");
}
}
#
if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("MAIL", "FROM:<".$from.">")) {
return $this->smtp_error("sending MAIL FROM command");
}

if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("RCPT", "TO:<".$to.">")) {
return $this->smtp_error("sending RCPT TO command");
}

if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("DATA")) {
return $this->smtp_error("sending DATA command");
}

if (!$this->smtp_message($header, $body)) {
return $this->smtp_error("sending message");
}

if (!$this->smtp_eom()) {
return $this->smtp_error("sending <CR><LF>.<CR><LF> [EOM]");
}

if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("QUIT")) {
return $this->smtp_error("sending QUIT command");
}

return TRUE;
}
function smtp_sockopen($address)
{
if ($this->relay_host == "") {
return $this->smtp_sockopen_mx($address);
} else {
return $this->smtp_sockopen_relay();
}
}

function smtp_sockopen_relay()
{
$this->log_write("Trying to ".$this->relay_host.":".$this->smtp_port."\n");
$this->sock = @fsockopen($this->relay_host, $this->smtp_port, $errno, $errstr, $this->time_out);
if (!($this->sock && $this->smtp_ok())) {
$this->log_write("Error: Cannot connenct to relay host ".$this->relay_host."\n");
$this->log_write("Error: ".$errstr." (".$errno.")\n");
return FALSE;
}
$this->log_write("Connected to relay host ".$this->relay_host."\n");
return TRUE;;
}

function smtp_sockopen_mx($address)
{
$domain = preg_replace("/^.+@([^@]+)$/", "\\1", $address);
if (!@getmxrr($domain, $MXHOSTS)) {
$this->log_write("Error: Cannot resolve MX \"".$domain."\"\n");
return FALSE;
}
foreach ($MXHOSTS as $host) {
$this->log_write("Trying to ".$host.":".$this->smtp_port."\n");
$this->sock = @fsockopen($host, $this->smtp_port, $errno, $errstr, $this->time_out);
if (!($this->sock && $this->smtp_ok())) {
$this->log_write("Warning: Cannot connect to mx host ".$host."\n");
$this->log_write("Error: ".$errstr." (".$errno.")\n");
continue;
}
$this->log_write("Connected to mx host ".$host."\n");
return TRUE;
}
$this->log_write("Error: Cannot connect to any mx hosts (".implode(", ", $MXHOSTS).")\n");
return FALSE;
}
function smtp_message($header, $body)
{
fputs($this->sock, $header."\r\n".$body);
$this->smtp_debug("> ".str_replace("\r\n", "\n"."> ", $header."\n> ".$body."\n> "));

return TRUE;
}

function smtp_eom()
{
fputs($this->sock, "\r\n.\r\n");
$this->smtp_debug(". [EOM]\n");

return $this->smtp_ok();
}

function smtp_ok()
{
$response = str_replace("\r\n", "", fgets($this->sock, 512));
$this->smtp_debug($response."\n");

if (!preg_match("/^[23]/", $response)) {
fputs($this->sock, "QUIT\r\n");
fgets($this->sock, 512);
$this->log_write("Error: Remote host returned \"".$response."\"\n");
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
function smtp_putcmd($cmd, $arg = "")
{
if ($arg != "") {
if($cmd=="") $cmd = $arg;
else $cmd = $cmd." ".$arg;
}
fputs($this->sock, $cmd."\r\n");
$this->smtp_debug("> ".$cmd."\n");
return $this->smtp_ok();
}

function smtp_error($string)
{
$this->log_write("Error: Error occurred while ".$string.".\n");
return FALSE;
}
function log_write($message)
{
$this->smtp_debug($message);
if ($this->log_file == "") {
return TRUE;
}
$message = date("M d H:i:s ").get_current_user()."[".getmypid()."]: ".$message;
if (!@file_exists($this->log_file) || !($fp = @fopen($this->log_file, "a"))) {
$this->smtp_debug("Warning: Cannot open log file \"".$this->log_file."\"\n");
return FALSE;
}
flock($fp, LOCK_EX);
fputs($fp, $message);
fclose($fp);
return TRUE;
}
function strip_comment($address)
{
$comment = "/\$[^()]*\$/";
while (preg_match($comment, $address)) {
$address = preg_replace($comment, "", $address);
}
return $address;
}
function get_address($address)
{
$address = preg_replace("/([ \t\r\n])+/", "", $address);
$address = preg_replace("/^.*<(.+)>.*$/", "\\1", $address);
return $address;
}
function smtp_debug($message)
{
if ($this->debug) {
echo $message."<br>";
}
}
function get_attach_type($image_tag) { //
$filedata = array();
$img_file_con=fopen($image_tag,"r");
unset($image_data);
while ($tem_buffer=AddSlashes(fread($img_file_con,filesize($image_tag))))
$image_data.=$tem_buffer;
fclose($img_file_con);

$filedata['context'] = $image_data;
$filedata['filename']= basename($image_tag);
$extension=substr($image_tag,strrpos($image_tag,"."),strlen($image_tag)-strrpos($image_tag,"."));
switch($extension){
case ".gif":
$filedata['type'] = "image/gif";
break;
case ".gz":
$filedata['type'] = "application/x-gzip";
break;
case ".htm":
$filedata['type'] = "text/html";
break;
case ".html":
$filedata['type'] = "text/html";
break;
case ".jpg":
$filedata['type'] = "image/jpeg";
break;
case ".tar":
$filedata['type'] = "application/x-tar";
break;
case ".txt":
$filedata['type'] = "text/plain";
break;
case ".zip":
$filedata['type'] = "application/zip";
break;
default:
$filedata['type'] = "application/octet-stream";
break;
}
return $filedata;
}