Go Basics

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-07 07:09:00 发布

Jornhitom

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-07 07:09:00 发布

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文章标签： golang

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/hanmingwang/article/details/122318985

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本文介绍了 Go 语言的基础知识，包括包、导出名称、函数、变量、for 循环、if 语句、switch 语句和 defer 机制。深入讲解了指针、结构体、数组、切片的使用，以及映射（map）的操作，如如何创建、修改和遍历。此外，还讨论了函数值和闭包的概念。

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Packages

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"math/rand"
)

Exported names

func main() {
   
	fmt.Println(math.Pi)
}

Functions

func add(x, y int) int {
   
	return x + y
}

// multiple results
func swap(x, y string) (string, string) {
   
	return y, x
}

// named-return values
func split(sum int) (x, y int) {
   
	x = sum * 4 / 9
	y = sum - x
	return
}

Variables

// package level var
var c, python, java bool

// func level var
func main() {
   
	var i int
	fmt.Println(i, c, python, java)
}

// var with initializer
var i, j int = 1, 2
func main() {
   
	var c, python, java = true, false, "no!"
	fmt.Println(i, j, c, python, java)
}

// short var declaration
k := 3 // invalid syntax
func main() {
   
	c, python, java := true, false, "no!"
	fmt.Println(c, python, java)
}

/* basic types
bool string int int8 int16 int32 int64
uint uint8 uint16 uint32 uint64 uintptr
byte = uint8
rune = int32
float32 float64
complex64 complex128
*/

The int, uint, and uintptr types are usually 32 bits wide on 32-bit systems and 64 bits wide on 64-bit systems. When you need an integer value you should use int unless you have a specific reason to use a sized or unsigned integer type.

var i int = 42
var f float64 = float64(i) // require explicit conversion

// type inference
var i = "42"
fmt.Printf("i is of type %T\n", i)

// const
const Pi = 3.14
const World = "世界" // const cannot be declared using the := syntax
const (
	Big = 1 << 100
	Small = Big >> 99 // An untyped constant takes the type needed by its context.
	
)

For

// go for loop requires braces {} but no parentheses
func main() {
   
	sum := 0
	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
   
		sum += i
	}
	fmt.Println(sum)
}

// while loop
func main() {
   
	sum := 1
	for sum < 1000 {
   
		sum += sum
	}
	fmt.Println(sum)
}