ubuntu下安装Docker和docker的基本操作

第一部分：ubuntu系统安装docker

先保证系统的网络是通的
apt install docker.io  远程下载安装docker
systemctl start docker  系统启动docker
systemctl enable docker  使能docker
docker version  查看docker版本

第二部分：docker的基本使用

1、docker search ubuntu   搜索镜像

root@ubuntu:/home# docker search ubuntu
NAME                             DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
ubuntu                           Ubuntu is a Debian-based Linux operating sys…   13959     [OK]       
websphere-liberty                WebSphere Liberty multi-architecture images …   283       [OK]       
ubuntu-upstart                   DEPRECATED, as is Upstart (find other proces…   112       [OK]       
neurodebian                      NeuroDebian provides neuroscience research s…   88        [OK]       
open-liberty                     Open Liberty multi-architecture images based…   51        [OK]       
ubuntu-debootstrap               DEPRECATED; use "ubuntu" instead                46        [OK]       
ubuntu/nginx                     Nginx, a high-performance reverse proxy & we…   37                   
ubuntu/mysql                     MySQL open source fast, stable, multi-thread…   28                   
ubuntu/apache2                   Apache, a secure & extensible open-source HT…   26                   
ubuntu/prometheus                Prometheus is a systems and service monitori…   22                   
kasmweb/ubuntu-bionic-desktop    Ubuntu productivity desktop for Kasm Workspa…   21                   
ubuntu/squid                     Squid is a caching proxy for the Web. Long-t…   15                   
ubuntu/postgres                  PostgreSQL is an open source object-relation…   15                   
ubuntu/bind9                     BIND 9 is a very flexible, full-featured DNS…   13                   
ubuntu/redis                     Redis, an open source key-value store. Long-…   9                    
ubuntu/grafana                   Grafana, a feature rich metrics dashboard & …   5                    
ubuntu/prometheus-alertmanager   Alertmanager handles client alerts from Prom…   5                    
ubuntu/memcached                 Memcached, in-memory keyvalue store for smal…   4                    
ubuntu/telegraf                  Telegraf collects, processes, aggregates & w…   3                    
circleci/ubuntu-server           This image is for internal use                  3                    
ubuntu/cortex                    Cortex provides storage for Prometheus. Long…   2                    
ubuntu/cassandra                 Cassandra, an open source NoSQL distributed …   1                    
bitnami/ubuntu-base-buildpack    Ubuntu base compilation image                   0                    [OK]
snyk/ubuntu                      A base ubuntu image for all broker clients t…   0                    
rancher/ubuntuconsole                                                            0                    
root@ubuntu:/home# 

docker pull ubuntu     拉取镜像

root@ubuntu:/home# docker pull ubuntu 
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/ubuntu
Digest: sha256:bea6d19168bbfd6af8d77c2cc3c572114eb5d113e6f422573c93cb605a0e2ffb
Status: Image is up to date for ubuntu:latest
docker.io/library/ubuntu:latest

2、docker images   查看有哪些镜像

root@ubuntu:/home# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
ubuntu        20.04     ff0fea8310f3   12 days ago     72.8MB
ubuntu        latest    ff0fea8310f3   12 days ago     72.8MB
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   6 months ago    13.3kB
ubuntu        14.04     13b66b487594   12 months ago   197MB
root@ubuntu:/home# 

docker create ubuntu:20.04     ubuntu:20.04是 docker images显示的信息，20.04是版本号

root@ubuntu:/home# docker create ubuntu:20.04 
39f99c62e192b526ccbac079662a9efe2de2b210b003cbffe6531128be3c8cf2
root@ubuntu:/home#

docker run -i -t ubuntu:20.04 /bin/bash  运行容器，并在容器中运行程序bash，然后敲exit就能退出bash程序

root@ubuntu:/home# docker run -i -t ubuntu:20.04 /bin/bash
root@f5bb622297f7:/# exit
exit
root@ubuntu:/home# 

docker ps   查看当前容器

docker ps -a  查看当前所有容器

root@ubuntu:/home# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
277a8bc922a4   ubuntu:20.04   "/bin/bash"   5 minutes ago    Exited (0) 5 minutes ago              optimistic_williams

3、docker exec -i -t NAME ContainerID    访问正在容器中运行的应用，NAME是docker ps看到的name，ContainerID是其中的COMMAND
docker start NAME/ContainerID    一般使用ContainerID

root@ubuntu:/home# docker start 277a8bc922a4
277a8bc922a4

docker attach ContainerID 后台登录到容器的应用中，一般情况是一个容器一个应用

root@ubuntu:/home# docker attach 277a8bc922a4
root@277a8bc922a4:/# exit
exit
root@ubuntu:/home# 

docker restart NAME/ContainerID

docker stop NAME/ContainerID 
docker rm NAME/ContainerID
docker rmi image_name  删除镜像

以上仅仅是在docker容器中启bash应用

下一篇转载阮一峰大神的docker操作demo，自己编译应用并在docker中运行。