Python爬取代理IP

最新推荐文章于 2022-01-10 11:32:02 发布

hannoch

最新推荐文章于 2022-01-10 11:32:02 发布

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分类专栏： Python 文章标签：代理 ip pyhton

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/hannoch/article/details/80314481

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Python爬取代理IP

在学习Python爬虫的时候，经常会遇见所要爬取的网站采取了反爬取技术，高强度、高效率地爬取网页信息常常会给网站服务器带来巨大压力，所以同一个IP反复爬取同一个网页，就很可能被封，这里讲述一个爬虫技巧，设置代理IP。

（一）配置环境

安装requests库
安装bs4库
安装lxml库

（二）代码展示

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Date    : 2018-05-14 19:53:09
# @Author  : HannochTao (hannochtao@163.com)
# @Link    : http://www.imstudy.online
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
import random
from lxml import etree


'''
USER_AGENTS 随机头信息
'''
USER_AGENTS = [
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; AcooBrowser; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; Acoo Browser; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 5.0; .NET CLR 3.0.04506)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; AOL 9.5; AOLBuild 4337.35; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 6.0)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0b; Windows NT 5.2; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN) AppleWebKit/523.15 (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.3 (Change: 287 c9dfb30)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux; en-US) AppleWebKit/527+ (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.6",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.2pre) Gecko/20070215 K-Ninja/2.1.1",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9) Gecko/20080705 Firefox/3.0 Kapiko/3.0",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; U;) Gecko/20070322 Kazehakase/0.4.5",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.0.8) Gecko Fedora/1.9.0.8-1.fc10 Kazehakase/0.5.6",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/535.20 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1036.7 Safari/535.20",
    "Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; fr) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.52",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.11 TaoBrowser/2.0 Safari/536.11",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.71 Safari/537.1 LBBROWSER",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.84 Safari/535.11 LBBROWSER",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; QQBrowser/7.0.3698.400)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; 360SE)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.89 Safari/537.1",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.89 Safari/537.1",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; U; CPU OS 4_2_1 like Mac OS X; zh-cn) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8C148 Safari/6533.18.5",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:2.0b13pre) Gecko/20110307 Firefox/4.0b13pre",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:16.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/16.0",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.64 Safari/537.11",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; zh-CN; rv:1.9.2.10) Gecko/20100922 Ubuntu/10.10 (maverick) Firefox/3.6.10"
]

def get_header():
    return {
        'User-Agent': random.choice(USER_AGENTS),
        'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
        'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.5',
        'Connection': 'keep-alive',
        'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
    }
'''
'urls': ['http://www.66ip.cn/%s.html' % n for n in ['index'] + list(range(2, 12))],      
'urls': ['http://www.66ip.cn/areaindex_%s/%s.html' % (m, n) for m in range(1, 35) for n in range(1, 10)],     
'urls': ['http://cn-proxy.com/', 'http://cn-proxy.com/archives/218'],   
'urls': ['http://www.mimiip.com/gngao/%s' % n for n in range(1, 10)],    
'urls': ['https://proxy-list.org/english/index.php?p=%s' % n for n in range(1, 10)],     
'urls': ['http://incloak.com/proxy-list/%s#list' % n for n in      
'urls': ['http://www.kuaidaili.com/proxylist/%s/' % n for n in range(1, 11)],     
'urls': ['http://www.kuaidaili.com/free/%s/%s/' % (m, n) for m in ['inha', 'intr', 'outha', 'outtr'] for n in     
'urls': ['http://www.cz88.net/proxy/%s' % m for m in
'urls': ['http://www.ip181.com/daili/%s.html' % n for n in range(1, 11)],
'urls': ['http://www.xicidaili.com/%s/%s' % (m, n) for m in ['nn', 'nt', 'wn', 'wt'] for n in range(1, 8)],    
'urls': ['http://www.cnproxy.com/proxy%s.html' % i for i in range(1, 11)],
'''
#现在只写了两个网站的爬取
#BeautifulSoup
def xicidaili(): 
    headers = get_header()
    for i in range(1,2):
        url = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/' + str(i)
        web_data = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
        soup = BeautifulSoup(web_data.text, 'lxml')
        ips = soup.find_all('tr')

        ip_list = []
        for i in range(1, len(ips)):
            ip_info = ips[i]
            tds = ip_info.find_all('td')
            ip_list.append(tds[1].text + ':' + tds[2].text)
    #return ip_list
    save_ip(ip_list)
#xpath
def kuaidaili():
    html_data_ip = []
    html_data_port  = []
    ip_list = []
    headers = get_header()
    for i in range(1,8):
        url = 'http://www.kuaidaili.com/proxylist/' + str(i)+'/'
        web_data = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
        web_data.encoding = 'utf8'
         # 将request.content 转化为 Element
        html = etree.HTML(web_data.content)
        for trindex in range(1,11):
            html_data_ip.append(html.xpath('//*[@id="freelist"]/table/tbody/tr['+ str(trindex) + ']/td[1]/text()')[0])          
            html_data_port.append(html.xpath('//*[@id="freelist"]/table/tbody/tr['+ str(trindex) + ']/td[2]/text()')[0])

        for j in range((i-1)*10,(i-1)*10+10):
            ip_list.append(str(html_data_ip[j]) + ':'+ str(html_data_port[j]))
    save_ip(ip_list)


def save_ip(ip_list):
    listip = ip_list
    with open('ippool.txt','a') as f:
        for value in listip:
            f.writelines(value +'\n')
    print("sucess")

def read_ip():
    with open('ippool.txt','r') as f:
        ips = f.read( ).splitlines( )  
        print (ips)

def get_random_ip(ip_list):
    proxy_list = []
    for ip in ip_list:
        proxy_list.append('http://' + ip)
    proxy_ip = random.choice(proxy_list)
    proxies = {'http': proxy_ip}
    return proxies

if __name__ == '__main__':
    xicidaili()
    kuaidaili()

函数get_ip_list(url, headers)传入url和headers，最后返回一个IP列表，列表的元素类似42.84.226.65:8888格式，这个列表包括国内髙匿代理IP网站首页所有IP地址和端口。
函数get_random_ip(ip_list)传入第一个函数得到的列表，返回一个随机的proxies，这个proxies可以传入到requests的get方法中，这样就可以做到每次运行都使用不同的IP访问被爬取的网站，有效地避免了真实IP被封的风险。proxies的格式是一个字典：{‘http’: ‘http://42.84.226.65:8888‘}。
（三）代理IP的使用
运行上面的代码会得到一个随机的proxies，把它直接传入requests的get方法中即可。

web_data = requests.get(url, headers=headers, proxies=proxies)

hannoch

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Python爬取代理IP

Python爬取代理IP在学习Python爬虫的时候，经常会遇见所要爬取的网站采取了反爬取技术，高强度、高效率地爬取网页信息常常会给网站服务器带来巨大压力，所以同一个IP反复爬取同一个网页，就很可能被封，这里讲述一个爬虫技巧，设置代理IP。（一）配置环境安装requests库安装bs4库安装lxml库（二）代码展示#!/usr/bin/env...
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